The Difference Between Revising and Editing

Just when you thought you were done writing your paper, you realize you still need to revise and edit. But what does that mean? The two are easy to confuse, but it is important for students to understand the difference.   Revision starts once you have a finished first draft of your paper. As you reread what you have written, you might notice a few places where the wording does not seem to flow quite as well as the rest of your work. You may decide to change a few words or add a sentence or two. Work through your arguments and make sure you have evidence to back them up. This is also the time to make sure you have established a thesis and have kept your focus on that throughout your paper.   Helpful Tips for Revision Give yourself time between writing the first draft and looking at it again for revision. A few hours can give you enough time to see it with fresh eyes that are more likely to spot trouble areas.Read your paper out loud. Sometimes speaking the words helps you get a better feel for the flow of a paper.Do not worry about the editing yet. Get the big ideas down and leave the detailing for later.Make sure your paper is organized in a logical way. Make your thesis statement and follow it up with arguments, quotes, and evidence in a way that makes your purpose clear. Editing your paper happens once you have a draft you are confident in as a whole. In this process, you are going to look for the details that may have slipped by you during the writing process. Spelling errors are often caught by spellcheck, but do not trust this tool  to catch everything. Word usage is also a common problem to catch in editing. Is there a word you use repetitively? Or did you write there when you meant their? Details like this seem small on an individual basis, but as they pile up they can distract your reader.   Things to Look for When Editing Look for spelling and capitalization errors that your editing software may have missed.Punctuation can make a big impact on how your paper flows. It creates a rhythm that can completely make or break a paper.Fact-check yourself. Did you cite your quotes and sources properly?Don’t be afraid to let a friend or colleague look at it with unfamiliar eyes. Sometimes you know your material so well that your brain automatically fills in blanks or sees what you meant, rather than what you said. Someone seeing the work for the first time might catch things you didn’t. Once you get into the habit of revising and editing, it becomes a little easier. You begin to recognize your own style and voice, and even learn the mistakes  you are most susceptible to. You may know the difference between there, their, and they’re but sometimes your fingers type faster than you can think and mistakes happen. After a few papers, the process will happen more naturally.

What Is Mutation What Is a Gene Mutation Discuss Sickle...

A mutation can simply be put as abrupt change in the genotype of an organism that is not the result of recombination. A gene mutation is a permanent change in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene. Mutations range in size from a single DNA building block (DNA base) to a large segment of a chromosome. Gene mutations occur in two ways: they can be inherited from a parent or acquired during a persons lifetime. Mutations that are passed from parent to child are called hereditary mutations or germ line mutations (because they are present in the egg and sperm cells, which are also called germ cells). This type of mutation is present throughout a persons life in virtually every cell in the body. Mutations that occur only in an egg or sperm†¦show more content†¦Chemical Mutagens fall into several categories, including base analogues, chemicals that are similar to normal DNA bases. Researchers have developed various methods to test the mutagenic activity of different chemicals, w ith one such example being the Ames Test. In the test, several strains of Salmonella Typhimurium which have been selected are employed, based on their sensitivity to mutation. The test substance (liquid) or an extract of the test substance and the test organism are mixed together in a soft agar solution. Reverse mutation can then be observed. Genetic counselors are health professionals with specialized graduate degrees and experience in the areas of medical genetics and counseling. Most enter the field from a variety of disciplines, including biology, genetics, nursing, psychology, public health and social work. Genetic counselors work as members of a healthcare team, providing information and support to families who have members with birth defects or genetic disorders and to families who may be at risk for a variety of inherited conditions. Genetic counselors also provide supportive counseling to families, serve as patient advocates, and refer individuals and families to community or state support services. They identify families at risk, investigate the problem present in the family, interpret information about the disorder, analyze inheritance patterns and risks of recurrence, and review available options with the family.

Importance of Uniformity - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 1013 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/09/17 Category Industry Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Job Essay Did you like this example? UNIFORMITY AND ITS INPORTANCE IN THE ARMY Uniforms help identify or tell us someone’s job or an organization they belong to. When you see a uniform it tells you something about the person wearing it. When you think about it, you see uniforms everyday. For example, doctors, police, chefs, and us soldiers. Uniforms can tell you that a person is there to help you. It makes them look different from other people so you can identify/recognize them more easily. Think of doctors, nurses, police, firemen and soldiers. A uniform, as opposed to a costume, is clothing of a certain type, style, and make up that is required by the organization the person belongs to. An Army uniform is actually described in Army regulations and Federal law allows military uniforms to be only worn by persons serving in the military. Uniforms tell you not only that a person belongs to a certain group but also that person has skills other people don’t. A police officer is only allowed to wear this uniform if he/she has completed specific training. A nurse is only allowed to wear this uniform if they have completed nursing school. You wouldn’t ask a police officer to stitch a cut on your arm and you wouldn’t ask a nurse to arrest someone. People in the armed services are different from other people. The army uniform tells you that the person wearing it belongs to a specific country and organization: The United States Army. This means the person wearing it has taken an oath to the government of the United States to defend the nation, even if it means they might get hurt or even die. The Army has two types of uniforms, one for dress and one for work. The Army work uniform is like a fireman’s uniform – it helps protect the wearer. The uniform provides protection for the wearer. It is a type of camouflage (because of the pattern) to protect the wearer from being seen. It tells you s/he is a member of the US Army. It tells you the personâ€⠄¢s name. It tells you the person’s rank. Twice, once on the flash on the beret and once on the jacket of the ACUs. (The higher the rank, the more people they can give orders to. )It tells you what part of the army he/she is in. This allows other people in the army to identify the wearer and be able to know where the person comes from and if they must take orders from this person. It allows the army to work smoothly. Uniforms are important in our society because it helps us identify the people who can help us if we get lost or hurt, protect us and keep us safe. Uniformity is a tool for the Army. It helps instill self discipline, attention to detail, and the ability to follow instructions for each soldier, and it provides leaders with an indicator of who among their soldiers actually is making an effort and who is just trying to do the minimum necessary to stay out of trouble. How crisp a uniform is pressed, how well boots are shined (when we had to shine them, the new b oots dont need it) placement of badges are all indicators of the effort someone puts in. Uniformity also helps ensure a comradery, and team environment. Everyone looks the same because they wear the same uniform. The only way for a soldier to separate themselves from the rest is either to exceed the standards, and encourage his teammates to do the same, or rock the boat, and hope he doesnt get thrown out. The Class A uniform is like a suit. It consists of the Army green coat and trousers, worn with either short-sleeve or long-sleeve green shade 428 shirt and a black necktie. This uniform is used for special occasions like graduations, promotion boards, promotions, and any special event put on by the military. This uniform may also be worn to civilian functions such as weddings, religious services, and the like. The Class B uniform omits the coat. The tie can also be omitted if the short-sleeve shirt is worn. The Class B uniform is what soldiers wear when they are not working in a field environment. Soldiers in the National Guard who serve part-time do not generally wear these uniforms, but you will need to know some information about them. The ACU uses a new military camouflage pattern called the Universal Camouflage Pattern (UCP), which blends green, tan, and gray to work effectively in desert, and urban environments. The ACU consists of a field jacket, trousers, headwear, a t-shirt, and footwear. The Army is about executing the mission, whether it’s unloading supplies at a warehouse in Texas, or going on patrol in Iraq. The ability to execute tasks is something that must be practiced. A similar example can be found in the NFL. In NFL minicamps the players are practicing techniques, and plays every day in order to ensure they can execute when game time comes around. Uniforms were made to provide a method to identify the soldiers. The uniform helped to identify friend from foe and to identify the type of soldier and his rank within his unit. Un iforms were standardized and each soldier became an element of a larger entity. It may seem silly to make a big deal about a badge not being 1/2 an inch from the top edge of a pocket, but after a while determining that 1/2 inch gap becomes second nature, and handy when the soldier is told to crimp the blasting cap 1/2 and inch from the end. no need to waste time and put life at risk by looking for a ruler in your pack. Uniforms also gave the soldiers a pride and taught them military discipline and bearing. A soldier had to be disciplined to learn how to clean his uniform, as well as his weapon. The uniform not only impressed his fellow soldiers but the enemy who he met in battle. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Importance of Uniformity" essay for you Create order

The Trade Routes And The Spread Of Islam - 1599 Words

The Malian Trade Routes and the Impact on West Africa Through the Spread of Islam Along These Routes The trade routes of Mali are not as well known as others like the Silk Road, but they were influential in the trade of North Africa and forever influenced history. These trade routes conveyed gold, salt, and, to a lesser extent, copper to empires in the Middle East and Mediterranean. However, the most influential effect of these trade routes was the spread of Islam throughout West and Central Africa. The empire of Mali rose in the early 13th century and soon expanded. The empire controlled all of the main trade routes throughout West Africa, which are collectively referred to as the Malian trade routes. These trade routes were vital to most of the world. Berber traders from northern Africa came along these routes to get gold and salt, vital for the flavoring and more importantly the preservation of food, to trade to the Middle Eastern and Mediterranean empires. In addition, trad ers from northwestern Africa brought salt along these routes to major trading cities in Mali, to trade to the Berber traders and merchants from Central Africa. Mali had so much gold and the trade of gold was so important to the rest of the world that maps of the ancient world depicted Mali with a gold nugget or with a man wearing a gold crown sitting on a gold throne and holding a gold spear in one hand and a gold coin the size of his head in his other hand. The salt trade was also veryShow MoreRelatedThe Rise and Spread of Islam1129 Words   |  5 PagesThe Rise and Spread of Islam The world you once knew is falling to ashes and food is become such a scarcity that people are fighting over a few pieces of bread. The political class is too busy fighting among themselves to care for anyone else. Children are roaming the streets and begging for work to feed their dying, hungry stomachs. This is not a scene from a horror movie, but rather the reality of the beginning of post classical era. In these times of hardship the people turned to a higher powerRead MoreThe Change to Trade Routes Over Time926 Words   |  4 PagesIn 300 C.E., trade routes were primarily between Europe and North Africa. The way that they changed by 1450 C.E. was that they expanded southward and westward. By 1450, these trade routes went all the way through West Africa, sub-Saharan Africa, and the Indian Ocean. One factor that was unchanged during this time period was that the northern coast of Africa was always involved in the trade between Africa and the rest of Eurasia. The trade networks be tween African and Eurasia remained very importantRead MoreThe Rise Of Islam, And Its Subsequent Diffusion Across Eurasia1307 Words   |  6 PagesIslam is thought to be the religion of the people, whatever race or background they might be (Haghnavaz, 2013). The rise of Islam began circa 613CE, when the Islamic prophet Muhammad, began to spread the word of the revelations God (Allah) gave to him. From the cities of Makkah in the Arabian desert, the message of Islam spread with great speed. Within half a century since the Prophet Muhammad’s death, the message of Islam had risen in 3 continents (Haghnavaz, 2013). The aim of this essay is to discoverRead MoreGlobal Religions of Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism1054 Words   |  4 Pagesglobal religions such as Islam, Buddhism, and Christianity. The spread of these new religions all shared certain unique aspects of spreading. These three religions shared what made them global and universal. Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism, fit the definition of world religion for the reasons that they each were not culturally specific nor gender specific, incorporated other religions and appealed to all social classes and these religions spread by way of war and conquests, trade, elite sponsorship andRead MoreSilk Road1687 Words   |  7 PagesThe Silk Road was a trade network the connected the East to the West on the Eurasian continent. This trade included both overland and maritime routes. The central Asian kingdoms and peoples became the nexus point for much of this trade which lasted from the 3rd century B.C.E. to the 15th century C.E. Many products and other cultural expressions moved along the Silk Road and diffused among various kingdoms along it. In breaking down and separating the patterns of interaction that occurred along theRead MoreThe Spread Of The Islamic World997 Words   |  4 PagesWH7/P4 The Spread of the Islamic World Long ago in 610, a man named Muhammad meditated in a cave near Mecca Arabia , and received a religious vision. This vision laid the foundations and a new belief system for an unknown religion, Islam. United by their faith in Allah, Muslims of Arabia succeeded in consolidating their beliefs throughout the Arabian peninsula into the Middle East. After the death of Muhammad, the Islamic state expanded rapidly through a remarkable success of trade, law and orderRead MoreThe Islam During The Postclassical Period916 Words   |  4 Pagesfounded the religion known as Islam during the postclassical period. He claimed to hear voices while meditating alone and believed this voice to be that of a higher being. He declared himself the last prophet and formed the Islamic religion on the belief that at the end of time, on Judgment Day, everyone would be resurrected and either have eternal punishment in hellfire or eternal joy in paradise. Islam grew in popularity around the world when Muslim mer chants spread across the Indian Ocean in searchRead MoreThe Growth Of Trade Between Africa1037 Words   |  5 Pages The growth of trade between Africa, Asia and Europe influenced a very important religion. The location of the Islamic world was ideal for trade, it lay between the Mediterranean Sea and the Indian Ocean. Muslims traveled by land and sea, creating a network of trade. A Muslim scholar named Ibn Battuta traveled around Europe, Africa and Asia for about 7 years. Ibn Battuta traveled all around West Africa, Europe and Asia. The goods they traded were silk, paper, dishes, spices, gems and coconutsRead MoreLong Distance Trade in West Africa856 Words   |  4 PagesAfrican History 18 March 2011 History of Trade Influence in West Africa Trade has played an important role in the history of the West African region. Trade shaped the region in two main ways. Trade worked as a catalyst for the rise of nearly every empire in the region from its’ earliest times to present day. Also, the growth and spread of trade routes brought in an immense amount of culture with it as well. Trade is and has been a reason for organization in all parts of the world from theRead MoreIslam Spread Over A Large Portion Of Africa898 Words   |  4 PagesIslam spread over a large portion of Africa through trade with Arabs and the people in the interior of Africa, the Sufi brotherhoods that helped to solidify the beliefs in people, and Arab settlers in Africa. In combination with those, the vast trade networks in Africa and the Indian Ocean, the rise of states in West Africa, urbanization of towns, and the Islamic revivalist movement all helped to spread the religion and ideologies of Islam through Africa. The origins of Islam in Africa did stem from

The Similarities and Differences of the 1920’s and 1950’s

Out of some of the most turbulent times in history have come the greatest ages of success and prosperity. The 1920’s and 1950’s are two eras that exemplify the spirit of triumph and wealth. In both decades, a nation thrilled by the victorious conclusion of war and the return of their loved ones from war entered into an age of capitalism and materialism, bolstering the economy and with it national pride. Some of features most common to the 20’s and 50’s were consumerism and the accompanying optimistic mindset, the extent to which new ideas entered society, and discrimination in terms of both sexism and racism. On the heels of war, new technology caused a decrease in prices of goods in the 1920’s and in the 1950’s the GI Bill increased†¦show more content†¦In the 1920’s this gap became more of a chasm as the nation’s youth entered the Jazz age, adopting the new styles of music and dress that accompanied it. Women wore sho rter skirts, smoked, drove cars, and sported new haircuts, and men went to new jazz clubs that played edgy music that was good for dancing. Overall the new lifestyle was a complete departure from the Victorian mode of living that preceded it, and it was rejected by the older generation as energetically it was embraced by youth. In the 1950’s a similar change took place as parents allowed their children to have more freedom, and religion was not as strictly enforced. The widespread availability of automobiles allowed teenagers to travel around more than they ever had, and the automobile provided teenagers a new place to be free from the observation of their parents, which enabled many new activities, like petting. Just as the youth of the 1920’s had Jazz music, teenagers in the 50’s began to bother their parents by listening to Rock ‘n’ Roll music, whose stars included the scandalous Elvis Presley and even African-American stars like Little Richard, showing that the music allowed youth to transcend race. Just as F. Scott Fitzgerald’s literature alarmed more conservative Americans with its description of the popular culture of the time, literature during the 50’s was similarly troubling, dealing with themes ofShow MoreRelatedSimilarities And Differences Between The 1920s And 1950s908 Words   |  4 PagesThe 1920’s were a very important era in America for better or worse. There were many issues in relation to race and how people of different ethnic groups were treated. African American had a cultural rejuvenation that being the Harlem Renaissance. The advent of the Ford Model T change the way how people traveled. Many may say an era like the 1950’s were highly comparable. Race related issues were on a decline as America as whole sought to be more accepting and the oppressed started to speak out onRead MoreComparing Tokyo And Auckland s Development1569 Words   |  7 Pagescomparing with Auckland. Tokyo’s population is approximately 13.35million with rapid urban growth. The land area of Tokyo is approximately 2,187km2. Tokyo was first established in 1869. Tokyo was originally named Edo (small fishing village) in early 1800’s. Tokyo was a part of the Musashi Province development. The early-18th century, there were not much transportation in Edo, including planes, trains and cars. The main transport mode was walking, boats or horseback. Any cargo transported by people, oxen/horsesRead More The Eye of the Hurricane986 Words   |  4 Pagesofficial languages: German, French, Italian, and Romansch (Facts About Switzerland). Since politicians tended to gravitate toward the concepts of order, law, and centralized authority, only socialists originally opposed Adolf Hitler’s ideas in the 1920s. However, after 1934, the racist Nazi agenda became apparent through their routine persecution of minorities. In light of the Swiss tradition of federal structure and democracy, the two viewpoints were irreconcilable. As a result, Swiss radio becameRead MoreA SELECTION OF PAST AP U.S. FREE RESPONSE QUESTIONS:3529 Words   |  15 PagesVirginia in the period from 1607 to 1750. (2005) 12. Geography was the primary factor in shaping the development of the British colonies in North America. Assess the validity of this statement for the 1600s. (2005 B) 13. Analyze the differences between the Spanish settlements in the Southwest and the English colonies in New England in the 17th Century in terms of TWO of the following: Politics Religion Economic development (2006) 14. Settlers in the eighteenth century AmericanRead MoreThe Impact Of Social Group Work On The Workplace1434 Words   |  6 Pagesindividuals though the interaction of others going through similar situtions. While it emerged after the first world war Clara Kaiser (1959) explains that there is not actual birth date to social group work (citied in Glasser Mayadas, 1986). During the 1920’s group work posed 3 major strands; the individual growing as part of the group, the group developing through specific goals and a way of changing the views of society through group experiences (Glasser Mayadas,1986). These strands are things thatRead MoreLiterary Analysis of â€Å"Sweat† and â€Å"Sonny’s Blues†1549 Words   |  7 Pagesthe key element of the story (Clugston, 2014). This essay will analyze â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† by James Baldwin and â€Å"Sweat† by Zora Neale Hurston in terms of individual versus individual, nature, society, and self, symbolism, figurative language, similarities and differences. In the short stories â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† and â€Å"Sweat† both of the main characters deal with an internal conflict of some sort. Sonny in Sonny’s Blues has to refrain from turning back to drugs after his release from prison; he is also facingRead MoreWhat I Attended A Concert1398 Words   |  6 PagesMe In,† â€Å"Rockin’ In Rhythm,† and â€Å"I’ve Got a Crush on You.† Although there were many diverse styles played throughout the concert, many songs performed are from the Tin Pan Alley, jazz or swing genres, all of which became popular between 1930 and 1950. The songs performed by the Northwest Jazz and Studio Jazz Ensembles can collectively be classified as big band era music, including polyphonic textures, complex rhythmic structures and collective improvisation, the start of a new age of AmericanRead MoreIs The Ncaa A Money Hungry Organization?1336 Words   |  6 PagesMarch Madness collegiate basketball tourname nt, hosted by the National Collegiate Athletic Association’s (NCAA) tournament, generated â€Å"7.5 billion dollars in revenue over the past decade,† through advertising alone (Chupka, 2016). Currently, this year s 2016 March Madness tournament is projected to make over â€Å"1 billion dollars† (Chupka, 2016). The NCAA is counting the cash, lots of it,† stated financial analyst Kevin Chupka. Does this solicit the view that the NCAA is a money-hungry organization? ThroughRead MoreCompare and Contrast United States Foreign Policy After the First World War and After the Second World War. Consider the Periods 1919-1928 and 1945-1950.1973 Words   |  8 Pages 4/1/10 Compare and Contrast United States foreign policy after the First World War and after the Second World War. Consider the periods 1919-1928 and 1945-1950. United States foreign policy has always been characterized by a commitment to free trade, protection of American interests, and a concern for human rights. Our founding fathers, specifically George Washington, are responsible for much of the influenceRead More Child Psychology Essay1880 Words   |  8 Pagespaper:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Child Psychology, study of children’s behavior-including physical, cognitive, motor, linguistic, perceptual, social, and emotional characteristics-from birth through adolescence. Child psychologists attempt to explain the similarities and differences among children and to describe normal as well as abnormal behavior and development. They also develop methods of treating social, emotional, and learning problems and provide therapy privately and in schools, hospitals, and other institutions

Case Study on Newborn Behavioral State

Question- Observe a newborn less than three month of age either via a video or real-life observation?Write a paper based on the questions below: A. What behavioral stated did you observe? B. Describe what normal development for the newborn? C. What was the dominant behavior state? D. What motor characteristics did you observe? E. What reflexes and patterns did you observe ? F. What seemed to calm the infant? G. Describe the infant's interactive patterns? Peter is a month old. He has brown eyes and short, fine black hair. The shape of his eyes is like almonds and he has a very fair complexion. He is lying in the cradle which stands on the rockers. The room setting is very comfortable and seems to be furnished keeping in mind the comfort and safety of Peter. The behavior of any infant is governed by the state, temperament and the ability of the infant to self regulate. Peters behavior is often in form of cues or the activities that signal towards his needs (Lake, K., 2015). When Peter is given a toy, he widens his eyes and his face brightens up. He focuses his attention on the object of attention. When his father walks past him, Peters eyes follow him and he even turns his head. Peter is able to identify and distinguish any sound, especially if his mother calls him. He pays attention to the sounds of interest like the ones that are high pitched and rhythmic (Government of Western Australia, 2002). Sometimes, he also widens his eyes and becomes still, focusing all his attention on the coming sound. The newborn babies do not have the understanding of their being a separate individual. During the first three months, the child cries because of something happening inside his body. He cannot understand feelings and likes to be cuddled or hearing the soothing voice of their mother. They do not like feeling hungry or frightened. Physically, they have immature eye muscles and can see things that are close by (March of Dimes, 2003). They can move their body but do not know how to move each part of their body. New born babies can express themselves only by crying or making faces. They cannot speak and so they cry in different tones to convey what they want (Government of Western Australia, 2002). The dominant behavior state of Peter is his brightened and widened eyes. Whenever he sees any familiar face, he smiles and his eyes become big and bright. When he hears his mother or father call his name, he starts making noises and laughs (Government of Western Australia, 2002). He seems very happy. The gross motor development is still immature as Peter does not know how to control the movement of his head. He generally requires someone to hold his head for support. Being just a month old, he does not know how to sit or crawl or start to walk. The fine motor skills are also absent. However, Peter likes to touch the toys that hang on the bar that is fixed on his cradle. He lifts head when prone on tummy and kicks his legs (Government of Western Australia, 2002). His eyes are lined up most of the time. Just like the newborns vary in their behaviour, they also vary in their reflexes. When Peters cheek is struck, he tilts his head towards the same side and opens his mouth. Similarly, when his mouth is touched, he opens his mouth and makes sucking movements. He also shows grasp reflex as well (Lake, K., 2015). When his palm is touched with a finger, he grabs hold of the finger. Other patterns that are observed in Peter range from the cues of engagement like smiling, hand to mouth activity, wide open eyes, grasping hold of the mother or fathers hand or other smooth motor movements. However, some of the disengagement cues that are also observed are hiccoughing, becoming apple red in color, falling asleep, crying loudly along with agitated movements or jerky movements (Government of Western Australia, 2002). Peter is more of a smiling baby than a cry baby. He is easily calmed down by his parents simple by their talking or making faces. But in extreme situations, when Peter is uncontrollable, it takes lot of efforts for his parents to soothe him. Some of the options that seem to work for consoling Peter are picking him up, rocking him, feeding him, swaddling him, changing the wet or dirty diaper or simply talking to him in slow and modulated voice/ tone. Peters parents believe that if they cater to these habits of him every time, it would spoil him. So they try to control themselves instead of immediately responding to the cues that are sent by Peter (Government of Western Australia, 2002). Eventually, Peter starts moving his hands to his mouth or starts sucking his fingers, as a maneuver to self control himself (Nover, A., 1985). The interactive pattern of every newborn baby is different from other babies. Peter tries to understand what is being said to him and if he finds it intimidating or frightening, then he starts crying. The latter happens majorly when the people with whom Peter is not familiar, try to talk to him or cuddle him or lift him up. If any known face tries to initiate a conversation with him, he responds by making sounds and understanding what is being said to him (Nover, A., 1985). He also starts kicking his feet and moving his hands in air in order to show the expression of happiness or comfort. Peter can now recognize the face of his mother and father. Still he is unfamiliar with the other family members. Even though his big sister plays with him often, he starts crying if he does not see his mother around. Also if anyone else tries to pick him up or cuddle him, his makes faces and eventually starts crying (Nover, A., 1985). All the babies are born different and have different rates of development. The research has shown that mostly the trend of growth and development of all types of skills follows same pattern but if a child does not show effective signs then the parents can consider talking with the doctor and finding out a more efficient way of encouraging development of the child. At first the child does not know what is happy or sad or being comfortable. But gradually they learn to recognize the smell or the voice of the person who feeds them or spends most of the time with them, like their mother (Roland, D., 2010). They are learning all the time and the responsibility of the parents is to help them know that they are welcomed in this world where their needs will be met and they will learn to feel safe and loved. REFERENCES Government of Western Australia. (2002). Child development 0-3 months. Department of health. Lake, K. (2015). Sample child observation paper. Retrieved on 26th January 2015. March of Dimes. (2003). Understanding the behavior of term infants. Perinatal nursing education. Nover, A. (1985). Mother-infant interactive play: theory and practical application. Child and Adolescent Social work Journal, 2(1): 22-35. Roland, D. (2010). The Newborn Early Warning (NEW) system: development of an at-risk infant intervention system. Early warning scores, 6(4).

Australia Famous Case Australian Knitting â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Australia Famous Case Australian Knitting? Answer: Introducation The concept in relation to the duty of care came up from the famous ginger beer incident which took place in England. The case is cited as Donoghue v Stevenson[1]. In this case even though the consumer of the Ginger beer had no direct contactual relationship with the manufacturer of the beverage the code provided that the manufacture have a duty of care towards the consumer as it was reasonably possible that the actions of the manufacturer could cause an injury to the consumer. The same concept was used in Australia in the famous case of Australian Knitting Mills, Ld. v. Grant[2] in this case it was found that the manufacturers of a certain product reliable 2 hour duty do the consumers even though they did not have a direct contractual relationship with them. In the case of Caparo Industries pIc v Dickman[3] it was provided by the code that a duty of care exist when home calls to another person is reasonably foreseeable. The test of determining duty of care provided through this case is known as the caparo test. Application In this case it is clear that Michelle has a duty of care towards Rebecca as she is the driver and it is evident that if she does not drive with proper care her actions can cause injury to the co-passengers in the car. Therefore as Rebecca was the co-passenger it can be said according to the above discuss cases that a duty of care exists between them. In the case of Vaughan v Menlove [4] it was ruled by the court that whether a person has violated the existing duty of care or not can only be found out by placing another person who has a reasonable mind in the same situation which the defendant was in while the duty was allegedly breached and then observe what a reasonable person must have done in such situation to avoid injury. In case the reasonable person would have taken extra precautions to mitigate the risk of injury it would be determined by the court that the defendant is liable for the breach. In this case a reasonable person if placed in the same circumstances of Rebecca and Michelle would have realized that it is not safe to drive a car in an intoxicated state and it is most likely to cause an accident. As Michelle did not act like a reasonable person it can be said that the duty of care was violated. In case of physical injury most of the times the famous but for test is applied to find out whether the injury has been caused by the actions of the defendant or not. The test was provided in the case of Barnett v Chelsea Kensington Hospital[5]. In this case the patient would have died even if the doctor have not conducted negligence therefore the Court established at a claim for negligence cannot be established as the injury was not a direct result of the negligent action. Applying the but for test in the case of Rebecca and Michelle it can easily be determined that if Michelle was not drunk and would have listened to Rebecca to let her get out of the car dangerous to Rebecca would not have been called that she would have been out of the car when the car crashed. In the case of Jackson v McDonald's Australia Ltd[6] it was stated by the judge that if a person is injured by the actions of another but his contribution to such injury was also present then a claim of contributory negligence can be established. In such cases the compensation which is demanded by the injured party is adjusted based on the contribution which the injured party himself or herself made in relation to the injury. The contribution to injury is found out by the application of the same principles which are used to identify negligence. Rebecca had the knowledge that Michelle was drunk. Even after knowing the position of Michelle she agreed to take a ride along with her in the car. If we place a reasonable person in place of Michelle in the similar situation the person would not have taken ride with the drunk or intoxicated person. Therefore it can be said that Rebecca has contributed to the injury. Voluntary assumption of risk as stated by the Civil liability Act 2002 NSW is a situation where a reasonable person can easily assume that a risk exist in a certain activity. Even if it is found that the probability of the risk offering is very low the voluntary assumption of risk is applicable. The concept was also discussed in Morris v Murray[7]. It is clear that any reasonable person would know taking ride with an intoxicated person is very risky even if it is less probable to result in an accident. Therefore it can be stated that Michelle can rely on the defense of voluntary assumption of risk by Rebecca. The defense of voluntary assumption of this can be used by Michelle. References Australian Knitting Mills, Ld. v. Grant 50 C. L. R. 387 Barnett v Chelsea Kensington Hospital [1969] 1 QB 428 Civil Liability Act 2002 (NSW) Donoghue v Stevenson 1932 AC 522 Jackson v McDonald's Australia Ltd [2014] NSWCA 16 [1] 1932 AC 522 [2] 50 C. L. R. 387 [3] [1990] 2 AC 605 [4] (1837) 3 Bing. N.C. 467 [5] [1969] 1 QB 428 [6] [2014] NSWCA 162. [7] [1990] 3 All ER 801