Nolan Ryan vs. Greg Maddux :: essays research papers

Nolan Ryan vs. Greg MadduxNolan Ryan and Greg Maddux are two of the greatest pitchers to have played the game of baseball. They were both the covert pitchers of their respective leagues and played in many all-star games. This brings up a question of which one is the better pitcher. The only way to find this out is to discriminate their stats and to compare the different time periods in which they pitched. While comparing stats you have to remember that these two pitchers have completely different styles. Nolan Ryan was a power pitcher and Greg Maddux was a finesse pitcher. A power pitcher throws a lot of fast ball pitches that he tries to throw by the batter any way he possibly can. The finesse pitcher has off speed pitches that he throws for location around the plate rather than just trying to throw past the batter. I would have to say that Greg Maddux is the better pitcher of the two. He has pitched great baseball through what will be remembered as a hitters era.Greg Maddux in h is career has only played in one league, the National League. When he broke into the show he came in with the Chicago Cubs. Greg was with the Cubs for a slight time and then left on free agency and settled in with the Atlanta Braves. He has had many great years with the Atlanta Braves with many more still to come. Nolan Ryan Played for four different teams through his 24 year career. Nolan started his carrer with the New York Mets (National League), then California Angles (American League), then Houston Astros (National League), and ended his career with the Texas Rangers (American League). Greg Maddux has trustworthy four Cy Young Awards in his thirteen-year career. The Cy Young Award is the award that is given to the best pitcher for the year. Nolan Ryan never received a single Cy Young Award. This is an in particular hard accomplishment now. The recent years in baseball have been the biggest offensive years that the sport has ever seen. There has been more batters with 30, 40, or 50 homeruns than there has any other time in history. Greg Maddux has to face at least one thirty-homerun man every time he pitches and still has a career e.r.a. (earned run average) of 2.75. Ryans career e.r.a. is 3.19 and he did not have to face as many hitters that could hurt a pitcher.

Marlows Racism in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness Essay -- Heart Da

Marlows Racism in Heart of Darkness Heart of Darkness is an intriguing story as well as a symbol for Joseph Conrads social commentary on imperialism. Marlows journey takes him deep into the African Congo where he bears witness to a descend of life-altering revelations. He beholds his most striking revelation when he begins to compare the civilized European man with the savage African man. These deuce opposing forces represent the two conflicting viewpoints present in every dilemma, be it cultural, social, or otherwise. As a modern European man who believes religiously in imperialism, Marlow is inherently arrogant. Yet, although he cannot accept the African jungle as being equally important as imperialism, his experiences there lead him to believe otherwise. Essentially, this is Marlows inner conflict. Everything he has believed in his complete life seems to crumble around him. His view of the civilized white man becomes tainted when he sees that society is merely a form of delus ion, denying its members the greater true statement of the world. The superficial boundaries of society have no meaning in the jungle, and Marlow has trouble dealing with this revelation(Bancroft 37). Marlows inability to accept this initially prevents him from eliminating his intellectual arrogance and feelings of virtuous superiority over the savages. For the most part, Marlow is unaware of his prejudicial attitude, but he eventually comes to realize the whole truth of the world. Marlow says that the colonizer who goes to Africa must meet the jungle with hi... ...Guerard, Albert J. (1979) Conrad the Novelist. Cambridge, Massachusetts Harvard University Press. Hawthorn, Jeremy (1990) Joseph Conrad Narrative Technique and Ideological Commitment. capital of the United Kingdom & New York Routledge. Henricksen, Bruce (1992) Nomadic Voices Conrad and the Subject of Narrative. Urbana & Chicago University of Illinois Press. Hubbard, Francis A. 1984 (1978) Theories of Action in Conr ad. Ann Arbor, Michigan UMI Research P. Junter, Allan (1983) Joseph Conrad and the Ethics of Darwinism. London & Camberra Croom Helm. Singh, Frances B. Conrad and Racism Oliver & Boyd. 1968 Scheick, William J. (1994) The Ethos of Romance at the Turn of the Century. Austin Univ.Texas Press. Watts, Cedric. A Preface to Conrad. Essex Longman Group UK Limited, 1993.

Lakota Woman Essay -- American History

Lakota WomanThe defy Lakota Woman, is an autobiography that depicts Mary Crow Dog and Indians Lives. Because I only had a limited knowledge on Indians, the book was full of surprising incidents. Moreover, she starts out her story by describing how her Indian friends died in miser fitting and unjustifiable ways. After reading first few pages, I was able to tell that Indians were mistreated in the same manners as African-Americans by whites. The only facts that make it look worse are, Indians got their land stolen and prejudice and inequality for them unruffled exists.Just like other Indian kids on reservation, Crow Dogs childhood was poor in everyway didnt have enough food, clothes, education, and parents love. She was kidnapped to embarkment school where Indian children are imp...

Civil War - Gettysburg :: essays research papers

For five days Jackson had looked on Washington spread before him with the Dome of the Capitol in throne from his headquarters on the Georgetown Pike near 7th Street. Lee having recovered sufficiently from his wounds had resumed command of the army but had been summoned to Richmond by President Davis adjacent overtures from ( Vice ) President Johnson to discuss common grounds for a peaceful settlement to the War. Lincoln left the Capital for Canada, reluctantly, following pressure from Cabinet to distract possible capture by the advancing Confederates who seemed unstoppable as the Union forces in and around Washington disintegrated into a disorderly rabble. Following his heroic sack out from Gettysburg Howard had been promoted to Lieutenant-General and assumed command of the defenses of Washington superseding Major-General S.P.Heintzelman who had rattling little combat experience. Howard had about 55,000 men but very little control and desertions were whittling this force away h ourly. The federal army was totally demoralized and soldiers were going home as if it was all over, sensing the end was near.Grant had, after eventually capturing Vicksburg on the fourth July been ordered to evacuate and return control to the Confederates under Pemberton. This would be accomplished by the 12th and an uneasy peace would settle across the Western flying field as Lieutenant-General ( Old Pete) Longstreet entrained to take command of all the Souths western forces. Jackson chafed... aware that the Union forces were a spent force and in that respect for the taking, his spies reported that the defenders had shrunk to 35,000 and if they waited for another couple of weeks Washington would be a ghost town. France had broken with England and recognized the independence of the Confederacy and England was expected to follow suit very soon.In Richmond McClellan was leading the Union delegation and was pursuing a course of peace on reasonable terms. Basically, it had settled d own to where the borderlines would be drawn. Davis was hustling to concede what was now West Virginia but wanted the Indian and Arizona territories. Robert E.Lee had been appointed commander of all the Confederate Forces and given a free raft in appointments and troop dispositions. Lincoln was under house arrest in Niagara, not because the British had anything against him but for his own safety as his popularity was zero and the British government didnt want any untoward incident for which they could be blamed.Jackson had

Disney World: A Family Vacation Essay -- Personal Narrative Traveling

Disney World A Family Vacation Everyone who has ever been to Disney World thinks its waiver to be the vacation of a lifetime but when we went it was the vacation from Hell My dad is one of those people that Murphys Law applies to. That is, if anything is going to go wrong then it is going to go wrong for my dad. My family started on this trip with great expectations. It was going to be our first trip to Disney World and we were all(a) very excited. Everything seemed to be going smoothly that morning. Dad loaded the luggage and packed the cooler. He even packed the extra pillows. My family was very happy as we prepared for our trip. I was twelve years old and my brother, Jobie, was ten. My dad had told us for years about his first trip to Disney Land in California when he was a young Marine. He told us about all the great rides and how he had to go on Its a Small World with a fellow Marine. He said all the boats were full of famil ies or with couples in love, and there he was stuck in a boat with another Marine. That very daylight he swore that he would come back some day and take his wife and family back to Disney Land and ride Its a Small World. At that time Disney World hadnt been completed. Dad thought he would be returning to California. Since then Disney World has been completed and is located in Florida which is a make do closer of a drive for us since we live in Tennessee. Once we got on I-81, we headed toward Asheville, North Carolina. Thats when Murphys Law went into effect. My dad always had trouble missing the I-26 exit in Asheville and today would be no exception. As luck would have it he took the wrong turn. Instead of taking the... ...checked the engine, the hoses, and ultimately found the problem. He said I bet when the gondola caught on fire it weakened the battery. The security guard hooked up battery cables to the car and it started right up. Dad tried to give the guard twenty dollars, but he refused. Dad shook his hand and thanked him several times. I could go on and on about the rest of our trip but it would take another twenty pages. Unfortunately this was not the last outburst my father had at Disney World. I can tell you one more thing. Through the chaos Dad finally made it to Its a Small World with his family. It was the biggest smile he showed through the whole trip, but it wasnt his last. We have been to Disney World twice since then. We still always ride Its a Small World and I always bring cotton balls for my ears. The cotton keeps my arms from getting tired.

Disney World: A Family Vacation Essay -- Personal Narrative Traveling

Disney innovation A Family Vacation Everyone who has ever been to Disney World thinks its going to be the vacation of a lifetime moreover when we went it was the vacation from Hell My dadaism is one of those people that Murphys Law applies to. That is, if anything is going to go defame then it is going to go wrong for my dad. My family started on this trip with great expectations. It was going to be our first trip to Disney World and we were totally very excited. Everything seemed to be going smoothly that morning. Dad impish the luggage and packed the cooler. He even packed the extra pillows. My family was very happy as we prepared for our trip. I was twelve years old and my brother, Jobie, was ten. My dad had told us for years about his first trip to Disney Land in California when he was a young Marine. He told us about all the great rides and how he had to go on Its a Small World with a fellow Marine. He said all the boat s were full of families or with couples in love, and there he was stuck in a boat with another Marine. That very mean solar day he swore that he would come back some day and command his wife and family back to Disney Land and ride Its a Small World. At that time Disney World hadnt been completed. Dad thought he would be returning to California. Since then Disney World has been completed and is located in Florida which is a lot closer of a drive for us since we live in Tennessee. Once we got on I-81, we headed toward Asheville, North Carolina. Thats when Murphys Law went into effect. My dad always had trouble missing the I-26 exit in Asheville and today would be no exception. As luck would have it he took the wrong turn. Instead of taking the... ...checked the engine, the hoses, and finally found the problem. He said I bet when the elevator car caught on fire it weakened the battery. The security guard hooked up battery cables to the car and it started right up. Dad tried to give the guard xx dollars, but he refused. Dad shook his hand and thanked him several times. I could go on and on about the rest of our trip but it would take another twenty pages. Unfortunately this was not the last outburst my father had at Disney World. I can tell you one more thing. Through the topsy-turvydom Dad finally made it to Its a Small World with his family. It was the biggest smile he showed through the whole trip, but it wasnt his last. We have been to Disney World twice since then. We still always ride Its a Small World and I always bring cotton balls for my ears. The cotton keeps my arms from get tired.

“Match Girl” by Anne Bishop Essay

Anne Bishop bases her apologue, Match Girl, murder of Hans Christian Andersens Little Match Girl, but she adds a disturbing twist. Bishop uses so much torture and violence that as a reader you want no to a greater extent. Little Match Girl was a story based on an innocent little girl having to face the polar heart of society. On the other hand, Match Girl was a story based on a young girl that has to face a disgusting and cruel world. The misery and cruelty that Bishop adds to her story is in any case much for this story to gain credibility.The story starts off with Phoenix already having to suffer from her owners cruelty. Just like the little girl in Andersens story Phoenix is suffering from cold and torn boots, but in Bishops story we get to collide with her owners. In this tale we read characters that we can hate. Thanks to all of the characters that Bishops uses we are able to get a background story, a setting, and are able to have other feelings besides sadness.To start o ff with her owners were likewise cruel. Da had no voice throughout the story and the only action he had that was seen was when he hit Moll. Moll is a cold-hearted woman that treats Phoenix badly probably because she is withal living a miserable life. She is forced to live in a mans world. The men in her life control her and at the branch chance she gets to show power and control she takes it. At first it seems like she is the only cruel character but that title is removed once we meet the rest of the characters. Moll and Das son does not fall too far from the tree. William is a disgusting creature that should have n perpetually been apt(p) life. He is absolutely good for nothing and does nothing besides shove his penis into innocent and defenseless Phoenix. He gets away with so much and no sensation says or does anything, not even Phoenix.But William is only a fraction of all the disgusting males in this story. The worst scene in this story is the one when all the men take a tu rn on raping Phoenix. She has a spoon that is violently hurting her mouth, meanwhile she has men violently rapine her one right after the other. These men are completely heartless and time and again Bishop includes scenes of other women being punished by the men when they fatiguet do what they are told. Bishop only shows the men in the story as being drunk, violent, and horny. Its as if she is trying to collide with a greater argument besides the cruel society that Phoenix lives in. All the men in this story are completely useless and do not have any actions besides violence and sex. This violence and sex is what leads critics to say that the cruelty takes credibility away. It is just too much for one girl to stand. There is too much misery for one story too hold.Anne Bishop said, While I embellished or modified details to fit the fictional place, I didnt make up the instruments of torture. They all existed (Pg 247). I seem to disagree with Bishop. These modified details did not fit this fictional place. It was too much torture for one story, for one specific character to endure. Although Phoenix saw other women being hurt in different ways, she still had to endure watching them suffer. Phoenix when through too much and although in real life humans also have to endure torture and cruelty, I dont believe anyone will ever go through all that Phoenix went through. I understand that the methods of torture used are real and were used I just wish Bishop had abridge done a bit on all the horrible things that happened to Phoenix. Phoenix didnt deserve anything that happened to her, but she continued to be kicked around in more misery until the end. This story was really hard to read and accept. The immense cruelty took away from the credibility of the tale.

Stylistic Analysis: “To—” by Peter Shelley

Language with Poetry A rhetorical Analysis of Percy Bysshe Shelleys To A Stylistic Paper Presented to The Faculty of the Department of English Institute of Arts and Sciences Far Eastern University Manila In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirement for the Course Eng C 31Introduction to Stylistics Osabel, Julla C. Panis, Kimberly Nicole S. October, 2012 I. Reaction and its effects on you II. Summary of the Text Percy Bysshe Shelleys To is one of his lyrical poetryis a meter utilise to express feelingside whollyy of the Ro globetic Era.In his poem, the poem is about an unrequited lovea term that is custom when one person has strong feelings towards a nonher that is not reciprocated. Or in other language, someone is in love with someone else who is not interested. It is also about realistic and complicated love, which means that the persona of the poem wants to express his emotions towards the addressee notwithstanding he fe ard to show because in reality, he knew that it is impo ssible for them to be together, thus, this depicts the personas complicated feelings or emotions and the reality of their relationship to from each one other.The poem illustrates farewell and goodluck to the addressee. To summarize the poem, it is about a man who is in love with someone else or he secretly in love with, who is not interested. He wants to express his feelings to the addressee but he feared to express it, due to his complicated emotions, he chose not to say his emotions because in reality, the addressee will not love him back. alternatively of obvious insisting his feelings towards the addressee, the man shows farewell and goodluck to the person he loved most. III. Stylistic AnalysisA. Stylistic Tools Phonology Phonology is the study of how sounds are organized and apply in natural languages. It has a phonological system of a language includes, an inventory of sounds and their features, and rules which specify how sounds interact with each other. In other members, Phonology is honest one of several aspects of language. It is related to other aspects such as phonics, morphology, syntax, and pragmatics (Sil, 2004). Hence, in Stylistic analysis, Phonology is one of the suited units of analysis in poetry.Basic conk Patterns Sound devices are resources used by poets to express and emphasize the meaning or experience of poetry through the skilful use of sound. After all, poets are exhausting to use a focused blend of sound and imagery to trunk an emotional response. The words and their order should evoke images, and the words themselves have sounds, which can reward or otherwise clarify those images. Sound patterns have different elements that show the nature of poetry, and these are the following 1. Alliteration C-V-CAlliteration is the repetition of the same letter or sounds at the beginning of two or much words immediately succeeding each other, or at laconic intervals. e. g Dewdrops dancing on the drifting dust made for a dreary day. 2. Assonance C-V-C Assonance is the repetition of vowel sounds in nearby words. It is used to reinforce the meanings of words or to set the mood. e. g Try to light the fire. 3. concord C-V-C Consonance is the repetition of consonant sounds by not vowel sounds. e. g Some mammals are clammy. 4. opposite Rhyme C-V-CReverse Rhyme it is the repetition of consonant and vowel sounds which happen at the beginning. e. g brainless, bracelet, brakeless 5. Pararhyme C-V-C Pararhyme is the repetition of of first and the last consonant sounds. e. g bat and affright 6. Rhyme C-V-C Rhyme is the repetition of similar sounds. In poetry, the most common kind of rhyme is the end rhyme, which occurs at the end of two or more lines. It is usually identified with lower case letters, and a new letter is used to identify each new end sound. e. g I adage a fairy in the wood, He was dressed all in green. He drew his sword while I just stood,And realized Id been seen. 7. repeating is anything that is repeate d. e. g goodnight goodnight, parting time is such a sweet sorrow that I shall say goodnight till it be morrow Romeo and Juliet, W. Shakespeare These sounds or elements of sounds are used by the poets to convey the meaning of the text. In this procedure, the poet or author strengthen the vividness of the imagery of the poem to discern its effects or significance of the text. Sound symbolic representation Sound symbolization is the study of the direct relationship between the sound of an utterance and its meaning (Hinton, 1999).Sound symbolism is persistent among the worlds languages. Furthermore, sound symbolism plays a significant role in language, especially at the affective level. Essential to the study of cognitive poetics is the concept of sound symbolism, which has been defined differently by different authors but here refers to cases in which a sound unit such as a phoneme, syllable, feature, or tone is said to go beyond its linguistic function as a contrastive, non-meaning -bearing unit, to directly express some kind of meaning (Nuckolls,1999).Jespersen (1922) made the claims that sounds that are suggestive of meaning (which he claims happens through association, not because a sound intrinsically has a specific meaning) films words more fit to survive and give them considerable help in their try for existence. Mithun (1982) notes that, in many languages, words for noises, animal cries, mental states, physical states, and actions, termed by Fudge expressive vocabulary, seem curiously resistant to regular phonetic change.She goes on to give the specific example of Iroquoian languages, where expressive terms are characterized by special syntactic, morphological, and phonological patterns. Expressive vocabulary and taboo words contain sounds that do not occur elsewhere. She also claims that expressive vocabulary in Iroquoian languages is imitative and therefore resistant to phonological change. While she does not make specific claims about certain soun ds being related to certain meanings, her data suggest that phonemes do have a relationship to meaning in Iroquoian ideophones, but that relationship may be imitative rather than iconic or symbolic.The significance of sound, sound patterns and sound symbolism is that in terms of writing texts, particularly poetry, it helps the poets or writers convey the message of the text in implicit manner. This may add to the aesthetic effects of writing poetry while on the readers, the wages is that, it helps them to understand, appreciate and feel the emotions of the text that the poet is trying to convey. Every sounds of the text has its meaning, whether it describe or gives emphasis to the text. B. Stylistic Tool/ Discussion of coding In this short phonological analysis it begins with the analysis of the sound pattern of the poem.In each sound pattern, it has shaded area where it shows the comprehensibility of the analysis after that, the researchers tabulated it to find the frequency and p ercentage form the least estimate of sound pattern used up to the most number of sound pattern used. Alliteration, Assonance, Consonance, Rhyme and Repetition To - BY PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY One word is too often profaned For me to profane it, One feeling too falsely disdained For thee to disdain it One hope is too like despair For diplomacy to smother, And pity from thee more dear Than that from another. I can give not what men call love,But wilt thou accept not The worship the flavor lifts above And the Heavens reject not, The desire of the moth for the star, Of the night for the morrow, The devotion to something afar From the sphere of our sorrow? As can be seen in the text, the most number of shaded sound patterns belongs to Rhyme. As rhyme pattering is concerned, two types of rhyme to be distinguished. First, in the first stanza of the text, the shaded create verbally words are rhyme has several syllables and the stressed rhyming syllable, which means that this type of rhyme i s Feminine (Latham, 2010).While on the second stanza, same as in first stanza of the text, the shaded rhyming words are in maidenlike type expect from the first line of the 2nd stanza. (love), thus, it shows the masculine rhymesingle stressed syllable (Costa,2000). The least number of sound pattern used in the text is the Consonance. The sound /t/ occur once in the first and second line of the 2nd stanza. In this two lines practically all the consonants are plosives. To them is generally associated a sound of harshness and hardness (Costa,2000). The use of one masculine rhyme in text depicts the persona of the poem which is man, while the remaining feminine rhymes depict the addressee, which is woman. The connection of those two types of rhymes that were distinguished in the text is that, the man, who is in love with the addressee (woman), but the addressee bang nothing about the mans feeling towards her. The use of one consonance in the text, illustrates the volume of hardness of the feelings to the persona to express is least. Therefore, it shows the personas attitude which is fearful of expressing his thoughts to the addressee and due to this, it is explained suitable for the theme of the poemunrequited love.Figure 1. Sound Pattern Percentage Sound Pattern Frequency Percentage (%) Consonance 1 5 Assonance 3 16 Alliteration 4 21 Repetition 4 21 Rhyme 7 37 good 19 100 As revealed by the number of percentage of the sound pattern used in the poem, Rhyme has the most number of percentages. This shows that rhymed stanzas are used in lyrical poetry. Traditionally, in romantic era, lyrical poetry use rhymed stanzas to convey or express strong feelings thus, the significant use of the it is that, it reveals the fusion of sound and sense in the poem.

Inorganic Ions Include Those of Sodium, Phosphorus and Hydrogen. Describe How These and Other Inorganic Ions Are Used in Living Organisms.

Inorganic ions include those of sodium, phosphorus and hydrogen. Describe how these and other inorganic ions be utilise in living organisms. Inorganic ions in animals and plants are necessary for vital cellular activity. In body tissue they can also be called electrolytes, which are essential for electrical activity needed to support muscle contractions and neuron activation. Ions also effect how pH changes in the blood and other bodily functions. Ions are also incorporated into the structure of biological molecules. Resting potentials require ions as they play a vital role in the process.In the surface membrane of a cell there are protein carriers. These actively pump Na+ ions out of the cytoplasm to the extraneous of the cell. At the same time, K+ ions are pumped from the outside in. This active pumping of Na+ and K+ ions requires ATP because the ions are being cand against their concentration inclines. K+ and Na+ ions diffuse back down their concentration gradient but K+ dif fuses back out of the cell faster than Na+ can diffuse back in. Which means that there is a net grounds of positive ions out of the cell making the inside of the cell negatively charged, relative to the outside.This charge is the resting potential of the cell and is about -70mV. Ions are also use in action potentials. When a receptor is stimulated, it leave alone create a positive environment inside the cell. This is ca utilise by a change in the concentrations of Na+ and K+ ions in the cell and happens when there is a change in permeability to Na+ and K+ in the cell surface membrane at the playing field of stimulation, which causes Na+ bring in that area to open, Na+ therefore floods into the cytoplasm down the concentration gradient. As this happens the membrane depolarizes.If this depolarisation reaches a certain(p) level, called the threshold level indeed an action potential has been generated and an impulse will be fired. If it does not reach this level, nothing will happe n. Once +40mV is reached the Na+ channels close and K+ channels open. K+ floods out of the cytoplasm so that the overall charge inside goes back down. This stage is called repolarisation. The K+ channels then close, the sodium-potassium pump restarts, restoring the normal distribution of ions either side of the cell surface membrane and thus restoring the resting potential.In response to this the Na+ channels in that area would open up, allowing Na+ ions to flood into the cell and thus reducing the resting potential of the cells. If the resting potential of the cell drops to the threshold level, then an action potential has been generated and an impulse will be fired. In photosynthesis H+ ions are vital in the production of the energy source that is ATP, which is used in several metabolic processes, such as respiration. The photolysis of water produces H+ ions, electrons and O2.The excited electrons lose energy as they move along the electron transport chain, this energy is used to transport the H+ ions (protons) in to the thylakoid, which causes a higher concentration of H+ than there is in the stroma, thus causing a proton gradient across the membrane. The H+ then proceed to move down the concentration gradient into the stroma via the enzyme ATP synthase. The energy from this process is called chemiosmosis and combines ADP with inorganic phosphate (Pi) to form ATP. Light energy is then absorbed by photosystem I (PS I) which excites the electrons to a higher energy level.These electrons are transferred to NADP with H+ ions from the stroma to form reduced NADP. The whole of this process is called non-cyclic photophosphorylation and is part of the ligh-dependent reaction. Reduced NADP is used with ATP to make GALP in the light independent stage of photosynthesis. GALP is either used to replenish ribulose bisphosfphate, a key ingredient for respiration, or make a hexose sugar such as glucose, lipids or amino acids. By means of conclusion, inorganic ions are vita l for life on planet Earth. Without ions such as nitrate ions, DNA would not be exist and thus nor would existence.

Cultural Influences On Emotional Expression and Perception Essay

E real nonpareil is uniquely shaped, and should not be compargond with others. Expressing ourselves can differentiate from other ports since we are unique in each and every way. Some similarities whitethorn exist, but not necessarily every aspect of what we tend to express. As defined in the textbook, unrestrained expression is the most important representation of our emotions, and may be similar to others (Adler, Proctor, and Towne 137). Perception is part of the ruttish expression because it is the process of selecting, acquiring, interpreting, and organizing sensory information (wikipedia.org).These two are important because we express what we express with the wisdom of our emotional expression. Different situations will topic in different perception of emotional expression. For example, we may jump when we regain excitement or cry when we feel grief. Every expression we make is impound on what we feel in that particular event. We live in a country with a very divers(pren ominal) culture, and everyone is raise differently base on their culture. This paper will talk about the cultural influences on emotional expression and perception. Examples, description, and explanation will alike be given to further explain the topic.Although many emotions and expressions of emotions are universal, some differences exist among many cultures. The comparison of both cultural similarity and difference has been very important in the area of emotional expression and perception (Matsumoto par. 2). It is very helpful to know the similarities and differences in emotion across cultures. It helps us perceive the authority of emotion in our lives and the importance of emotion to our thinking and behaving. People in different cultures categorize emotions differently. Some languages have classification for emotions that are not classified ad in other languages.It is a belief that nonverbal expressions of emotion differ across cultures, due to the fact that different culture s have different demonstration rules. pageantry rules are norms that tell people whether, which, how, and when emotions should be displayed (wikipedia.org). The power of cultural norm determines how and when to show emotions that is not actually felt. The comparison of emotions helps us understand the routine of emotional expression and nonverbal behaviors in social interactions to improve interaction among people from different cultural backgrounds.In addition, when comparing expressions, people of different cultures agree on which is more strongly expressed? Cross-cultural look indicates that the answer to this question is yes. Itziar and Fernandez compared these differences in paired expression of the same(p) emotion (par. 5). According to the research, the result was that cardinal percent of the time, the ten cultures in their study agree on which of two expressions was more intense (Fernandez, Carrera, Sanchez, Paez, and Candia par. 5). For example, looking separately for each emotion, American and Japanese agreed on which photo were more intense in 24 out of 30 comparison. These findings are important because they purpose that people of different cultures use the same visual cues in judging others (Fernandez, Carrera, Sanchez, Paez, and Candia par. 8).The role of culture in emotional control is shown most explicitly through the use of display rules. Display rules are learned, culturally determined norms that govern peoples display of emotions in different social situations (Matsumoto, 1990). Matsumoto (1972) found cultural differences in display rules when a assemblage of Japanese and American students were shown stressful film stimuli in two conditions. In the alone condition, both the Japanese and American students displayed the same negative facial expressions of fear, disgust, and distress.However, when the experimenter was present, the Japanese students smiled to mask their negative emotions while the Americans continued to exhibit their nega tive affects. Furthermore, a study by Matsumoto (1990) found that Americans rated disgust and sadness as more appropriate in in- stems than did the Japanese. In contrast, the Japanese rated anger as more appropriate in out- crowds than did the Americans. The above findings suggest that the Japanese and American students utilized different sets of display rules which influenced either their expression or quelling of their emotions (Matsumoto par. 2).The different sets of display rules can be understood in terms of the American and Japanese emphasis on individualism versus collectivism respectively. Individualism and collectivism are dimensions of cultural variability that refer to the degree to which a culture encourages individual needs, wishes, desires, and values over that of the group(Matsumoto, 1990). For example, individualistic cultures emphasize individual goals and independence. Collectivist cultures, on the other hand, stress collective goals and dependence on the group (M atsumoto, 1989).It could be understood in this circumstance that the expression of negative emotions in an in-group setting is estimationed as extremely negative in collectivist countries, since the manifestations of such emotions threatens the interdependent relationship of the group. In an individualist country, however, the expression of both positive and negative emotions may feel right and good since such expressions highlight both the separation of self from others and the individuals private, informal attributes (Forgas and Bond, 1994). What may feel good wherefore, in this case the inhibition or expression of emotions, is largely dependent on ones culture and socialization. To consequence this idea a step further, the correlation between emotional inhibition and social welfare, either negative or positive, may be dependent on ones respective culture.A past research on the relationship between emotional control and well-being has yielded conflicting findings. Where one line of research suggests that the active inhibition of emotions will lead to an increase in physiological arousal and a decrease in well-being, the other proposes that the inhibition of emotions will result in a higher level of well-being. The aim of the present study is to unravel parts of the conflict by examining the influence of gender and culture on the relationship between emotional control and well-being in two ethnic groups, Asians and Caucasians (Aeker and Williams par. 10).Furthermore, seventy-nine participants were asked to fill out questionnaires assessingtheir level of emotional inhibition, subjective well-being, and acknowledgement with anindividualistic versus collectivist culture. Results found that Caucasians and Asians differed onthe individualism-collectivism scale, with Caucasians being more individualistic and Asiansmore collectivists. The effect of culture was found with Caucasians having a negative correlationbetween emotional inhibition and well-being while Asians having an around vigour correlation.Influence of gender was in like manner found in which increases in the level of emotional inhibition isnegatively correlated to well-being for the fe potent sample, but for the male sample, there wasagain a zero correlation. An interactive effect of culture and gender was similarly found with Asianmales having the most positive correlation between emotional inhibition and well-being, andCaucasian females having the most negative correlation between emotional inhibition and well-being. Explanations of the findings in terms of gender and cultural norms are discussed(Matsumoto par. 5).The interacting effects of cultural and gender norms were also demonstrated. Asian maleswho were high on emotional inhibition were highest on well-being and Caucasian females whowere high on emotional inhibition were lowest on well-being. The results could be understood inthe context that Asian males are socialized by both their gender and cultural norms to inhibit their emotions. The act of inhibition is then consistent with what they count they should do. Caucasian females, on the other hand, are told by both their gender and cultural norms to express their emotions. The act of inhibition is then contradictory to these expectations. It makes sense then that when ones actions are consistent with ones perceived cultural and gender expectations, the result would be a higher level of well-being than when the actions are contradictory to the expectations.Though the results demonstrate that both culture and gender influence the relationship between emotional control and well-being, the present study also has important limitations. First, the emotional inhibition scale measures the inhibition of both positive and negative emotions. It can be understood from a collectivist context why the inhibition of negative emotions is valued because the expression of such emotions is deemed threatening to the group. However, the expression of positive emotions is not only non-threatening but can actually facilitate group harmony. It can then be predicted that for negative emotions, inhibition will correlate positively with well-being. However, since the inhibition of positive emotions is contrary to the cultural norms, the inhibition of positive emotions will correlate negatively with well-being. Since the emotionalinhibition scale combined both types of emotions, we can speculate that there might be a canceling effect, resulting in the zero correlation found for the Asian sample.Furthermore, the Asian sample in the present study consists of students from U.C. Berkeley. It can be speculated that these students have to some extent acculturated into the American organisation and perhaps have embraced parts of the individualist culture, such as the value of expressiveness. Though the ICIAI depicts significant cultural difference between the Asians and Caucasian sample, the issue of socializing can be reduced with cross-cultural re search comparing the U.S. population with the Asian population.To investigate further the meaning of differences, Matsumoto (1993) showed ratings from Japanese and Americans on smiling versus non-smiling faces with regard to intelligence,attractiveness, and sociability. Americans rated smiling faces as more intelligent than neutral faces the Japanese, however, did not. Americans and Japanese both found smiling faces more sociable than neutral faces, but for the Americans the difference was greater. These differences suggest that cultural display rules cause of Japanese and Americans to attribute different meanings to the smile, and serve as a good explanation for perceived major differences in discourse styles across cultures.Evidently, the study has contributed to the understanding of the relationship between emotional expression and culture. Although results have shown that there are definitely effects of culture on emotional expression and perception, the future research is need ed to extend the influence. For example, a study measuring the expression of positive and negative emotions separately will be easier to understand on how cultural norms affect the emotional expression and perception. The finding of cultural influence is a great step forward in understanding the role of emotional expression. However, it is just the beginning in investigating the complex between the control of emotions and our perception.Summing up, this paper talked about the different expressions the people indifferent cultures gave. Everyone is brought up differently and taught differently. Therefore, we express our emotion differently because of the surroundings we grew up in, and the people that influenced us. Although people in certain parts of the world are different in terms of the background, tradition, and norm and so on, all of us are crossing that barrier on having friends by effective communication. We shouldnt prejudice other persons forwards thoroughly knowing them be cause stereotyping is typically wrong. If people start to get to thoroughly understand differences of others, then this will become the beginning of making best friendships than ever.BibliographyAdler, Ronald B., Russell F. Proctor, and Neil Towne. looking for Out Looking In. Belmont, CA Thomson Wadsworth, 2005.Aeker, Jennifer L. and Patti Williams. Empathy Versus Pride The Influence of Emotional Appeals Across Cultures. The Journal of Consumer Research 25.3 (1998) 241-61.Fernandez, Itziar, Pilar Carrerra, Flor Sanchez, Dario Paez, and Luis Candia. Differences Between Cultures in Emotional Verbal and Non-Verbal Reactions. Psicothema 12 (2000) 83-92.Forgas, Joseph P. and Michael H. Bond. Cultural Influences on the Perception of InteractionEpisodes. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 11.1 (1985) 75-88.Matsumoto, David. American-Japanese Cultural Differences in Judgments of Emotional Expressions of Different Intensities. Cognition and Emotion 16.6 (2002) 721-47.

Application of Biotechnology 1

Biotechnology is a field of applied biology that involves the use of living organisms and bioprocesses in engineering, technology, medicine and other fields requiring bioproducts. The concept encompasses a ample range of procedures for modifying living organisms according to human purposes. For thousands of years, humans collapse used selective nurture to improve production of shapes and livestock to use them for food. In selective breeding, organisms with desirable characteristics are mated to produce offspring with the same characteristics. For example, this technique was used with corn to produce the largest and sweetest crops.In the early twentieth century scientists gained a greater understanding of microbiology and explored shipway of manufacturing specific products. Biotechnology has also led to the development of antibiotics. In 1928, Alexander Fleming discovered the mold Penicillium. It is use to treat bacterial infections in humans. The first use of biotechnology was used in fermentation. Throughout the use of agriculture, farmers have inadvertently altered the genetics of their crops through introducing them to new environments and breeding them with other plants one of the first forms of biotechnology.Applications Biotechnology has applications in four major industrial areas, including health care (medical), crop production and agriculture, non food (industrial) uses of crops and other products (e. g. perishable plastics, vegetable oil, biofuels), and environmental uses. Biotechnology is also used to recycle, treat waste, clean up sites contaminated by industrial activities (bioremediation), and also to produce biological weapons. 1. treat a. Genetic testing Genetic testing involves the direct examination of the DNA molecule itself.A scientist scans a patients DNA sample for mutated sequences. The tests can detect mutations associated with rare genetic disorders like cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, and Huntingtons disease. Gene tests m ay not detect any mutation associated with a particular condition because more are as yet undiscovered Gene testing is used for 1. Determining sex 2. Forensic/identity testing 3. Newborn screening 4. prenatal diagnostic screening. b. Human Genome Project The Human Genome Project is an initiative of the U. S. Department of Energy.It has helped us to determine the exact chemical sequence that constitutes the DNA in every cell of a human body. It has the following advantages 1. Doctors could drip droplets of our genes into a biochip to figure out if we have cancer that could kill or a disease that would act to a particular drug. 2. Scientists could analyse selective genes from parents and could design babies before conception. c. Cloning Cloning in biology is the process of producing similar populations of genetically identical individuals that occurs in nature when organisms such as bacteria, insects or plants reproduce asexually.It involves the removal of the gist from one cell and its placement in an unfertilized egg cell whose nucleus has either been deactivated or removed. at that place are two types of cloning 1. Reproductive cloning. After a few divisions, the egg cell is placed into a womb where it is allowed to develop into a fetus that is genetically identical to the donor of the original nucleus. 2. Therapeutic cloning. The egg is placed into a Petri dish where it develops into embryonic stem cells, which have shown potentials for treating several ailments. 2. Agriculture a.Crop yield Using the techniques of modern biotechnology, one or two genes may be transferred to a highly developed crop variety to impart a new character that would increase its yield. However, while increases in crop yield are the most obvious applications of modern biotechnology in agriculture, it is also the most difficult one. Current genetic engineering techniques work best for effects that are controlled by a single gene. umpteen of the genetic characteristics associat ed with yield (e. g. , enhanced growth) are controlled by a large number of genes, each of which has a minimal effect on the overall yield.There is, therefore, much scientific work to be done in this area. b. Reduced vulnerability of crops to environmental stresses Crops containing genes that will enable them to withstand biotic and abiotic stresses may be developed. For example, drought and excessively salty soil are two important limiting factors in crop productivity. Researchers have also created transgenic rice plants that are disgustful to rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV). In Africa, this virus destroys majority of the rice crops and makes the surviving plants more susceptible to fungal infections. . Reduced dependence on fertilizers, pesticides and other agrochemicals Most of the current commercial applications of modern biotechnology in agriculture are on reducing the dependence of farmers on agrochemicals. For example, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a soil bacterium that pro duces a protein with insecticidal qualities. Crops have also been genetically engineered to acquire tolerance to broad-spectrum herbicide. Multiple applications of numerous herbicides were routinely used to control a immense range of weed species detrimental to agronomic crops. 3.Bioremediation and biodegradation Biotechnology is being used to engineer and adapt organisms especially microorganisms in an effort to find sustainable ways to clean up contaminated environments. The elimination of a wide range of pollutants and wastes from the environment is an absolute requirement to promote a sustainable development of our caller with low environmental impact. Biological processes play a major role in the removal of contaminants and biotechnology is taking advantage of the astonishing catabolic versatility of microorganisms to debase/convert such compounds.Marine environments are especially vulnerable since oil spills of coastal regions and the open sea are poorly containable and mit igation is difficult. In increase to pollution through human activities, millions of tons of petroleum enter the marine environment every year from natural seepages. Despite its toxicity, a considerable particle of petroleum oil entering marine systems is eliminated by the hydrocarbon-degrading activities of microbial communities.

Calveta’s Dining Services, Inc: A Recipe for Growth? Essay

Higher chances of attaining goals and will obtain desired market penetration Increases Calvetas geographic coverage and market share GSD is presently in a good position, when the revenue generation is taken into consideration. Calveta would attain a great smokestack of customer potential as it was maintained by GSD. The administration hierarchy could be restructured so that it could accommodate significant growth while preserving the telephoners core set.The disadvantages of choosing this option areVery riskyPlagued with labor issues and management turnoverQuality of advantage may suffer.Higher debt loadDoes not deplete a strong balance sheet but has great income potential.Jennifer Calveta COO of firmCould have been CEO instead of her brotherVery detail point and concerned about preserving the companys culture Is concerned about the acquisition of business for growth expansion Isconcerned with the organizations structural modification1. What single-valued function (if any) ha ve Calvetas values played in the organizations success? Calveta has clearly defined values to guide the staffs behavior. The gigantic growth of the organization confirms that Calvetas is doing an sensitive in embedding their values in their employees actions and management decisions. The values necessitate the inclusion of eachone and the exclusion of none. The organizations values enabled all levels of management to usher the employees toward a continuous growth.2. Does Calvetas direct approach offer a sustainable competitive advantage? Calvetas operating approach offered a unique competitive edge over many of its competitors. While their competitors focused on highly regularized systems and standards, Calveta chose to build local food service teams and menu offers to serve each facility distinctively. Additionally, Calvetas wait staff treated the residents like family following their behavioral standards. This type of customer service garnered spout written reviews from the f acilitys residents. Finally, implementing programs that increase efficiency while satisfying the needs of bed ridden or immobile residents confirm a very sophisticated operating approach that resulted in a sustainable competitive advantage.3. Why havent other food service providers copied Calvetas approach? Calvetas competitors were not focused on conducting a reachable business without straying away from its core values. Passion, customer service and efficiency remained at the forefront of every decision. On the other hand, their competitors were focused on growth, meeting financial goals and increasing market share. Rarely do we find companies who keep both service and profit as a priority.4. Given Calvetas communication and inherent organizational challenges, how important will training and development be to maintaining growth and culture? The internal challenges within Calveta confirm that the organization must continue to rely on training and development to ensure success. Ho wever, training and development should not be do in a manner that reduces quality or at the expense of the residents positive experiences. Upper management must create systems that focuses on the development of youthful managers and establishes a solid miserlys of communication between staff and management. Growing pains is inevitable but it cannot become a deterrent to taking the company to the next level.5. Calvetas fifth goal is profitable growth. Goals one through four is more ethical in nature. Is goal five inconsistent with the start-off four? Establishing growth as a goal is consistent with Calevtas other goals. However growth, whether by acquisition or market penetration, should not mean that Antonios Way is watered down in any way or removed from the way Calveta conducts business. Calvetas unique approach to business cannot be lost while increasing revenues and market share. As long as Calvetas values remain the guiding force to management decisions and employees action s, having growth as a priority should be expected.6. How, if at all, should Calvetas organizational structure be changed to resolve communication issues, preserve the companys culture, and support rising growth? Calvetas uses the top-down management structure. This structure contains layers of managers (rank structure) which all communications must pass through. With each layer there is a risk of misshapen information being sent to the next level. Each level adds to the communication becoming more confused and out of context. Therefore more layers mean a greater risk of distortion and confusion among the staff.Such distortions cause a lack of productivity, frustration, confusion, and inept management. Conversely, management is receiving feedback from the field that is invalid since the original plans, orders, and ideas were not acted on the same risk of distortion exists with the return flow. The end result of this is that customer service suffers. The image and prestige of Calveta is damaged. Calveta should simplify its management structure, implement an information network, heighten some positions and eliminate others. The implementation of a more flat management structure will reduce the chances of distorting communication.7. Should Frank Calveta move forward with an expansion into the hospital heavens? With the proposed acquisition? Calveta should focus on making serious internal improvements before piling on debt, increasing the chances of management turnovers, and getting into business with an organization known to not have the best reputation. Calveta has a great reputation and its ability to function and grow with little debt confirms that their balance sheet is in excellent condition as well. An internal restructure and a recommitment to its values and goals should be the number one priority. Calveta should not move forward with the expansion into the hospital sector at this time. On the other hand the acquisition of GSD may be an excellent move f or Celveta. This acquisition will increase Celvetas geographical front and increase its assets without increasing its debt load. With some management restructuring done within GSD, Frank should be able to meet his fathers financial goal to echo profit in 5 years.

Creative Intelligence †Mental Models Essay

IntroductionCreative Intelligence is the ability of mind to devise innovative and smart solutions to the problems faced in routine life. It is a very inwrought component of successful intelligence as it determines the potential to go ahead of the given situations in smart set to produce creative and interesting ideas. Such a situation appears when an individual moves in a direction opposite to that of general opinion with a motive to develop efficient means to accomplish the toil (Burt, 1931). The four appearances of Creative Intelligence are Intuitive, Innovative, Imaginative and Inspirational. The comparison of these styles and their influence on governing bodyal decisiveness making is as follows-Intuitive According to the visceral style, the basic concepts and insights of mind are responsible for developing innovative ideas and determining the decision to be taken. In such a style, facts and figures hold less greatness and complexity of the situation is not annoying. In intu itive style, constant changes in the internal as well as the impertinent environments of the organization are presumed, beforehand. This style has a major influence on the organization as decisions are largely taken on the can of the basic understanding of the employees.Innovative As per the innovative style of creative intelligence, the creative ability of the mind to develop remarkable solutions to the problems gains high prominence. Such style is usually characterized by out-of box opinion and unconventional point of views. Similar to the intuitive style, it does not focus a great deal on the data and statistics. As every organization desires fresh and innovative ideas for its problems, thus, the innovative style plays a pivotal role in the decision-making transit.Imaginative In this style of creative intelligence, an individual devisesnew and creative ideas totally on the basis of his imagination capabilities. Such a style requires the situation to be perceived from a vari ety of perspectives and solved entirely on the basis of shear creative potential of the mind. It does not require many details related to the given circumstances. Such a style does influence the decision-making litigate of an organization by recommending inventive measures to resolve the problem.Inspirational The inspirational style is a very unique form of creative intelligence. According to this style, novel ideas and solutions are authentic by drawing inspiration from the actions taken in situations of similar nature. Such kind of motivation can also be derived from the figures acknowledged by the individual. In contrast to other styles, it realizes the importance of the details related to the situation. Also, the inspirational style, simplifies the process of decision-making in a positive manner by recommending tested and proven measures. do work of Five forces on Mental Models- A cordial model accounts for an individuals thought process about how things work in the real worl d. As these models refer to a symbol or representation of outside facts, they are assumed to play a crucial role in decision-making (Sternberg, 1982). The five forces imply the mental models existing in an organization in a significant manner. As a result of these forces, the mental models adapt themselves to the changes in the internal and external environments (Mental Models, Metaphor and Design, 2008).How Mental Models might limit the decision-making process- As the mental models form preconceived responses to a given situation or a problem, they prevent the origin of any new solutions to tackle the current issues (Robles-De-La-Torre G. & Sekuler, 2004). For illustration, the poor performance of an employee owing to certain inevitable measures would lead the HR Manager to take an incorrect decision about his future due to his set mental model. Similarly, an organizations defensive mindset would prevent it from engaging in a risky moreover profitable project (Increasing Intelli gence, 2008).Commonly utilise Mental Models and their influence on the decision-making process at the workplace-At the workplace, a number of mental models are used by the individuals to take decisions in the given situation (Mental Models, 2008). On similar lines, my decision-making process at the workplace is guided by the structural and functional mental models. In order to take a decision in the given situation, I firstly employ the functional model as it helps to know the true(a) task to be performed in the given circumstances. Generally, this mental model serves as the fundamental basis for taking any kind of decision for the problem.However, in order to understand the factors leading to the problem, the structural model is used. This model assists in understanding the various components of the problems at the workplace and their relationships with each other. In fact, both the models influence my decision-making process to a great deal as they assume varying significance de pending on the situation encountered at the workplace. At the same time, they help in the process of taking appropriate decisions as per the requirement of the given situation.ReferencesBurt, C. 1931. _The Differentiation Of Intellectual Ability_. The British Journal of Educational Psychology.Robles-De-La-Torre G. & Sekuler R.. 2004. _Numerically Estimating Internal Models of Dynamic Virtual Objects_. ACM Transactions on Applied Perception.Sternberg, R.J. 1982. _Handbook of human intelligence_. Cambridge Cambridge University Press.Increasing Intelligence. (2008). Retrieved April 17, 2008, from http//www.psych.utoronto.ca/users/reingold/courses/intelligence/cache/sternberg_intelligence.htmlMental Models. (2008). Retrieved April 17, 2008, from http//www.cs.umu.se/kurser/TDBC12/HT99/Laird.htmlMental Models, Metaphor and Design. (2008). Retrieved April 17, 2008, from http//www.syntagm.co.uk/design/articles/mmmad.pdf

Culture, Values and Communications

We live in the humanity of demanding creationwide rations. We comprise the readiness to communicate with the populace thousands miles apart at the flicker of an pith. Though this looks and is, to nearly all, a splendid achievement to be appreciated, it butt be for a few a world bewilderment and aggravation started by their own observations and value. These obstacles to culture assortment subsist because of the ways in which dissimilar cultures ease acuity and values concerning other and themselves.Culture can be depicted as the arrangement through which communication can be invented and sporadic. Culture pacts with the manner people live. Culture is well-read through perception that is shaped in a variety of ways, where we are born and hoisted, the language we study, the people and the surroundings with which we exist and the psychosomatic spur we bollix up upon. Reasonably, with the intention of successfully converse with other tradition, we should first see the sights to wh ich we pledge to recognize the ways that we picture obstacles distinguish culture variations.Culture usually refers to guides of human bustle and the figurative arrangements that give such actions significance and magnitude. Cultures can be understood as classifications of signs and gist that even their makers challenge that is short of predetermined limits, that are continuously in fluctuation, and that interrelate and contend with one a nonher Culture can be cleared as all the ways of life as well as arts, beliefs and institutions of a inhabitants those are approved down from generation to generation.Culture has been called the manner of life for a whole civilization. As such, it comprises rules of etiquettes, outfit, language, religious conviction, customs, and games, norms of look such as law and ethics, and schemes of belief as well as the art. Great societies often go for subcultures, or factions of group with separate sets of manners and beliefs that distinguish them fro m a larger culture of which they are a component. The subculture whitethorn be idiosyncratic because of the age of its members, or by their race, traditions, class, or sexual category.The traits that establish a subculture as divergent may be fastidious, spiritual, professional, opinionated, sexual or a mixture of these factors. Local cultures of the world arise equally by realm and ethnic group and more largely, by bigger regional distinctions. Resemblances in culture frequently happen in geologically close by peoples. Many regional cultures have been prejudiced by get in touch with with others, such as by colonization, trade, migration, set media, and religion. Culture is vibrant and changes oer time.In doing so, cultures attract external influences and amend to altering surroundings and technologies. Thus, culture is dependent on communication. Local cultures alter swiftly with new communications and transportation technologies that permit for better apparent motion of people and thoughts among cultures. An individual and cultural worth is a relative ethic value, a supposition upon which carrying out can be extrapolated. A value system is a set of constant values and procedures. A standard value is a base upon which other principles and procedures of honesty are based.Values are considered slanted and dissent across people and cultures. Types of values comprise ethical/moral norms, doctrinal/ideological (political, religious) values, communal values, and artistic values. It is debated whether some values are inherent. Individual principles develop from conditions with the external world and can alter over time. His reliability in the application of values refers to its permanence persons have reliability if they relate their values befittingly regardless of arguments or negative fortification from others.Values are applied suitably when they are practical in the correct area. For example, it would be suitable to concern religious values in times of con tentment and in times of desolation. Personal values developed early in life perhaps opposed to modify. They may be derivative from those of meticulous groups or systems, such as customs, religion, and political party. Nevertheless, personal standards are not widespread ones relations, inhabitants, generation and chronological surroundings help settle on ones personal values.This is not to loose that the value perceptions themselves are not collective, simply that each individual have a sole creation of them i. e. an individual acquaintance of the suitable values for their individual genes, manners and skills. Values are linked to the customs of a civilization, but they are more broad and conceptual than norms. Norms are set of laws for deeds in particular circumstances, whereas values recognize what should be umpired as fine or awful. Flying the national tholepin on a festival is a custom, but it reveals the value of loyalty.Wearing dark clothing and emerging melancholic are no rmative behaviors at an interment. They imitate the values of reverence and sustain of associates and relatives. conversation is the procedure of cutting to pass on information from a dispatcher to a recipient with the use of a means. Communication entails that all parties have a region of forthcoming harmony. There are aural means, such as speaking, singing and at times tenor of voice, and nonverbal, substantial way, such as body language, sign lingo, paralanguage, touch, eye contact, or the use of testing.Communication is cleared as a procedure by which we allocate and express mavin in an effort to generate communal accepting. This procedure needs an enormous inventory of talents in intrapersonal and interpersonal dispensation, listening, examining, communicating, inquiring, investigating, and assessing. Use of these processes is developmental and moves to all areas of life residence, school, society, employment, and afar. It is through communication that association and assist ance arise.

Chapter 6 Talons and Tea Leaves

When patient ofle, Ron, and Hermi bingle entered the Great H tot completelyy for breakfast the next day, the rootage amour they saw was Draco Malfoy, who dupemed to be entertaining a large group of Slytherins with a rattling funny story. As they passed, Malfoy did a ridiculous impression of a swooning fit and at that place was a roar of laughter.Ignore him, tell Hermione, who was right undersurface gravel. Just ignore him, its not worth itHey, ceramicist shrieked Pansy Parkinson, a Slytherin girl with a hardiness the command a pug. Potter The Dementors be coming, Potter Woooooooooo fire dropped into a seat at the Gryffindor table, next to George Weasley.New third-year course schedules, utter George, passing indeed, everyplace. Whats up with you, kick up?Malfoy, state Ron, sitting knock crush on Georges different spatial relation and blinding all over at the Slytherin table.George seeed up in time to see Malfoy pret shuttinging to faint with terror again.Th at microscopic git, he tell calmly. He wasnt so cocky bear night when the Dementors were down at our end of the t fall. Came running into our compartment, didnt he, Fred?Nearly wet himself, tell Fred, with a contemptuous glance at Malfoy.I wasnt overly happy myself, tell George. Theyre horrible things, those DementorsSort of freeze your interiors, dont they? utter Fred.You didnt pass erupt, though, did you? state desolate in a low voice.For take aim it, Harry, express George bracingly. Dad had to go out to Azkaban one time, remember, Fred? And he tell it was the worst place hed ever been, he came hindquarters all weak and shakingThey suck the de readable out of a place, Dementors. Most of the prisoners go mad in there.Anyway, well see how happy Malfoy confronts subsequently our jump Quidditch match, utter Fred. Gryffindor versus Slytherin, first off game of the season, remember?The only time Harry and Malfoy had faced each other in a Quidditch match, Malfoy had de finitely come off worse. Feeling slightly more than cheerful, Harry helped himself to sausages and hot up tomatoes.Hermione was examining her new schedule.Ooh, good, were out habilitate some new subjects today, she utter happily.Hermione, state Ron, frowning as he looked over her shoulder, theyve messed up your timetable. Look theyve got you down for slightly ten subjects a day. There isnt enough time.Ill manage. Ive quick-frozen it all with professor McGonagall.But look, said Ron, laughing, see this morning? Nine oclock, prophecy. And underneath, nine oclock, Muggle Studies. And Ron leaned closer to the timetable, disbelieving, look underneath that, Arithmancy, nine oclock. I mean, I know youre good, Hermione, but no ones that good. Howre you suppositional to be in common chord cliquees at once?Dont be kooky, said Hermione shortly. Of course I wont be in three classes at once. well(p) consequently Pass the m build upalade, said Hermione.But Oh, Ron, whats it to you i f my timetables a bit full? Hermione snapped. I told you, Ive fixed it all with prof McGonagall.Just then, Hagrid entered the Great Hall. He was wearing his long moleskin overcoat and was absent-mindedly swingy a dead polecat from one enormous hand.All righ? he said eagerly, pausing on his way to the cater table. Yer in my firs ever lesson refine after lunch Bin up since five getting everthin ready fancy its OKme, a teacherhoneslyHe grinned broadly at them and honchospringed off to the staff table, still swinging the polecat.Wonder what hes been getting ready? said Ron, a note of anxiety in his voice.The Hall was start to evacuate as bulk headed off towards their first lesson. Ron checked his schedule.Wed thinkter go, look, Divinations at the top of unification Tower. Itll take us ten minutes to get thereThey finished breakfast hastily, said sayonara to Fred and George and walked back through the hall. As they passed the Slytherin table, Malfoy did yet another impression of a fainting fit. The shouts of laughter followed Harry into the charm Hall.The journey through the castle to atomic number 7 Tower was a long one. Two years at Hogwarts hadnt taught them everything round the castle, and they had neer been inside North Tower before.Theres got to be a short cut, Ron panted, as they climbed the one-seventh long staircase and emerged on an unfamiliar landing, where there was nil but a large house painting of a bare stretch of frequent hanging on the stone wall.I cook its this way, said Hermione, peering down the empty passage to the right.Cant be, said Ron. Thats south. Look, you rear end see a bit of the lake outside the windowpaneHarry was watching the painting. A fat, dappled- ancient pony had honourable ambled onto the grass and was grazing nonchalantly. Harry was utilise to the subjects of Hogwarts paintings moving about and leaving their frames to visit each other, but he always enjoyed watching them. A moment later, a short, squat gentle in a suit of armour had clanked into the picture after his pony. By the look of the grass stains on his metal knees, he had fairish fallen off.Aha he yelled, visual perception Harry, Ron and Hermione. What villains are these, that trespass upon my private lands Come to scorn at my fall, perchance? Draw, you knaves, you frumpsThey watched in astonishment as the little knight tugged his sword out of its scabbard and began brandishing it violently, hopping up and down in rage. But the sword was a interchangeable long for him a particularly wild swing made him overbalance, and he landed facedown in the grass. ar you all right? said Harry, moving closer to the picture.Get back, you scurvy braggart Back, you rogueThe knight seized his sword again and used it to push himself back up, but the blade sank wakelessly into the grass and, though he pulled with all his might, he couldnt get it out again. Finally, he had to flop back down onto the grass and push up his visor to mop his sweating face.Listen, said Harry, taking advantage of the knights exhaustion, were face for the North Tower. You dont know the way, do you?A quest The knights rage seemed to vanish instantly. He clanked to his feet and shouted, Come follow me, in a heartfelt way friends, and we shall find our goal, or else shall perish bravely in the chargeHe gave the sword another conceited tug, well-tried and failed to mount the fat pony, gave up, and cried, On foot then, good sirs and gentle lady On OnAnd he ran, clanking noisyly, into the left side of the frame and out of sight.They hurried after him along the corridor, pursuit the sound of his armor. Every now and then they espy him running through a picture ahead.Be of stout heart, the worst is yet to come yelled the knight, and they saw him reappear in comportment of an appal group of women in crinolines, whose picture hung on the wall of a narrow spiral staircase.Puffing loudly, Harry, Ron, and Hermione climbed the tightly s piraling steps, getting dizzier and dizzier, until at extreme they perceive the murmur of voices above them and knew they had chance oned the classroom.Fare soundly cried the knight, popping his head into a painting of some sinister-looking monks. Farewell, my comrades-in-arms If ever you grow need of noble heart and steely sinew, beseech upon Sir CadoganYeah, well call you, muttered Ron as the knight disappeared, if we ever need someone mental.They climbed the last few steps and emerged onto a tiny landing, where some of the class was already assembled. There were no doors off this landing, but Ron nudged Harry and pointed at the ceiling, where there was a philippic trapdoor with a brass plaque on it.Sibyll Trelawney, Divination teacher, Harry read. Howre we supposed to get up there?As though in answer to his question, the trapdoor fulminantly loose, and a silver ladder descended right at Harrys feet. Everyone got quiet.After you, said Ron, grinning, so Harry climbed the l adder first.He emerged into the strangest-looking classroom he had ever seen. In fact, it didnt look similar a classroom at all, more like a cross between someones attic and an old-fashioned tea shop. At least twenty small, circular tables were crammed inside it, all surrounded by chintz armchairs and fat little poufs. Everything was lit with a dim, crimson light the curtains at the windows were all closed, and the many lamps were draped with off-key red scarves. It was stiflingly warm, and the fire that was burning under the collection mantelpiece was giving off a heavy, sickly sort of perfume as it heated a large copper kettle. The shelves running roughly the circular walls were crammed with dusty-looking conjoins, stubs of roll in the haydles, many packs of tattered p riging cards, countless fluent crystallisation balls, and a huge array of teacupfuls.Ron appeared at Harrys shoulder as the class assembled some them, all talking in whispers.Where is she? Ron said.A voice came suddenly out of the shadows, a soft, misty sort of voice.Welcome, it said. How slight to see you in the physical world at last.Harrys immediate impression was of a large, glittering insect. professor Trelawney moved into the firelight, and they saw that she was very thin her large glasses magnified her eye to several measure their natural size, and she was draped in a gauzy spangled shawl. Innumerable chains and beads hung around her spindly neck, and her arms and hands were encrusted with bangles and rings.Sit, my children, sit, she said, and they all climbed awkwardly into armchairs or sank onto poufs. Harry, Ron, and Hermione sat themselves around the same(p) round table.Welcome to Divination, said professor Trelawney, who had seated herself in a winged armchair in front of the fire. My name is prof Trelawney. You may not have seen me before. I find that descending too frequently into the hustle and bustle of the main school clouds my Inner eyeball.Nobody said anythin g to this extraordinary pronouncement. prof Trelawney finely rearranged her shawl and keep, So you have chosen to study Divination, the most difficult of all magical arts. I must warn you at the outset that if you do not have the Sight, there is very little I get out be able to teach youBooks can take you only so far in this fieldAt these words, both Harry and Ron glanced, grinning, at Hermione, who looked startled at the news that books wouldnt be oft help in this subject.Many witches and wizards, talented though they are in the area of loud bangs and smells and sudden disappearings, are yet unable to penetrate the veiled mysteries of the future, Professor Trelawney went on, her enormous, gleaming eyes moving from face to nervous face. It is a Gift granted to few. You, boy, she said suddenly to Neville, who almost toppled off his pouf. Is your grandmother well?I think so, said Neville tremulously.I wouldnt be so sure if I were you, dear, said Professor Trelawney, the fireligh t glinting on her long emerald earrings. Neville gulped. Professor Trelawney continued placidly. We depart be covering the basic methods of Divination this year. The first term will be devoted to reading the tea disappears. Next term we shall get on to palmistry. By the way, my dear, she shot suddenly at Parvati Patil, beware a red-haired man.Parvati gave a startled look at Ron, who was right be posterior her and edged her chair extraneous(p) from him.In the second term, Professor Trelawney went on, we shall progress to the crystal ball if we have finished with fire omens, that is. Unfortunately, classes will be disrupted in February by a nasty bout of flu. I myself will lose my voice. And around Easter, one of our number will leave us for ever.A very tense hush followed this pronouncement, but Professor Trelawney seemed unaware of it.I wonder, dear, she said to Lavender browned, who was nearest and shrank back in her chair, if you could pass me the largest silver teapot?Lav ender, looking relieved, stood up, took an enormous teapot from the shelf, and put it down on the table in front of Professor Trelawney.Thank you, my dear. Incidentally, that thing you are dreading it will give-up the ghost on Friday the sixteenth of October.Lavender trembled.Now, I want you all to divide into pairs. Collect a teacup from the shelf, come to me, and I will fill it. Then sit down and drink, drink until only the settlings remain. Swill these around the cup three times with the left hand, then turn the cup upside down on its saucer, wait for the last of the tea to drain off, then give your cup to your associate to read. You will interpret the patterns using pages five and six of Unfogging the Future. I shall move among you, helping and instructing. Oh, and dear, she caught Neville by the arm as he made to stand up, after youve broken your first cup, would you be so diversity as to select one of the blue patterned ones? Im rather affiliated to the pink.Sure enou gh, Neville had no earlier reached the shelf of teacups when there was a tinkle of breaking china. Professor Trelawney swept over to him holding a dustpan and brush and said, maven of the blue ones, then, dear, if you wouldnt mindthank youWhen Harry and Ron had had their teacups filled, they went back to their table and tried to drink the scalding tea quickly. They swilled the dregs around as Professor Trelawney had instructed, then drained the cups and swapped over.Right, said Ron as they both opened their books at pages five and six. What can you see in mine?A load of soggy brown stuff, said Harry. The heavily perfumed smoke in the room was making him bump sleepy and duncical.Broaden your minds, my dears, and allow your eyes to see past the mundane Professor Trelawney cried through the gloom.Harry tried to pull himself together.Right, youve got a crooked sort of cross He consulted Unfogging the Future. That means youre vent to have trials and suffering sorry about that but theres a thing that could be the sun. Hang onthat means smashing happinessso youre going to suffer but be very happyYou need your Inner Eye tested, if you ask me, said Ron, and they both had to stifle their laughs as Professor Trelawney gazed in their direction.My turn Ron peered into Harrys teacup, his forehead wrinkled with effort. Theres a blob a bit like a plug hat hat, he said. Maybe youre going to lam for the Ministry of MagicHe turned the teacup the other way up.But this way it looks more like an acornwhats that? He scanned his copy of Unfogging the Future. A windfall, unexpected gold. Excellent, you can lend me some. And theres a thing here, he turned the cup again, that looks like an animalyeah, if that was its headit looks like a hippono, a sheepProfessor Trelawney whirled around as Harry let out a snort of laughter.Let me see that, my dear, she said reprovingly to Ron, sweeping over and snatching Harrys cup from him. Everyone went quiet to watch.Professor Trelawney w as staring into the teacup, rotating it counterclockwise.The falconmy dear, you have a deadly enemy.But everyone knows that, said Hermione in a loud whisper. Professor Trelawney stared at her.Well, they do, said Hermione. Everybody knows about Harry and You-Know-Who.Harry and Ron stared at her with a mixture of amazement and admiration. They had never heard Hermione speak to a teacher like that before. Professor Trelawney chose not to reply. She lowered her huge eyes to Harrys cup again and continued to turn it.The cluban attack. Dear, dear, this is not a happy cupI thought that was a bowler hat, said Ron sheepishly.The skulldanger in your path, my dearEveryone was staring, transfixed, at Professor Trelawney, who gave the cup a final turn, gasped, and then nameed.There was another tinkle of breaking china Neville had smashed his second cup. Professor Trelawney sank into a indolent armchair, her glittering hand at her heart and her eyes closed.My dear boy my poor dear boy no it is kinder not to say no dont ask me.What is it, Professor? said Dean Thomas at once. Everyone had got to their feet, and slowly they crowded around Harry and Rons table, pressing close to Professor Trelawneys chair to get a good look at Harrys cup.My dear, Professor Trelawneys huge eyes opened dramatically, you have the Grim.The what? said Harry.He could tell that he wasnt the only one who didnt understand Dean Thomas shrugged at him and Lavender Brown looked puzzled, but nearly everybody else clapped their hands to their mouths in horror.The Grim, my dear, the Grim cried Professor Trelawney, who looked shocked that Harry hadnt understood. The colossus, spectral dog that haunts churchyards My dear boy, it is an omen the worst omen of deathHarrys stomach lurched. That dog on the cover of termination Omens in Flourish and Blotts the dog in the shadows of Magnolia CrescentLavender Brown clapped her hands to her mouth too. Everyone was looking at Harry, everyone leave off Hermio ne, who had gotten up and moved around to the back of Professor Trelawneys chair.I dont think it looks like a Grim, she said flatly.Professor Trelawney surveyed Hermione with mounting dislike.Youll forgive me for saying so, my dear, but I perceive very little aura around you. Very little receptivity to the resonances of the future.Seamus Finnigan was tilting his head from side to side.It looks like a Grim if you do this, he said, with his eyes almost shut, but it looks more like a domestic ass from here, he said, leaning to the left.When youve all finished deciding whether Im going to die or not said Harry, taking even himself by surprise. Now nobody seemed to want to look at him.I think we will leave the lesson here for today, said Professor Trelawney in her mistiest voice. Yesplease pack away your things wordlessly the class took their teacups back to Professor Trelawney, packed away their books, and closed their bags. Even Ron was avoiding Harrys eyes.Until we meet again, said Pr ofessor Trelawney faintly, fair fortune be yours. Oh, and dear, she pointed at Neville, youll be late next time, so mind you work extra-hard to catch up.Harry, Ron, and Hermione descended Professor Trelawneys ladder and the winding stair in silence, then set off for Professor McGonagalls Transfiguration lesson. It took them so long to find her classroom that, early as they had left Divination, they were only just in time.Harry chose a seat right at the back of the room, facial expressioning as though he were sitting in a very bright spotlight the rest of the class unbroken shooting furtive glances at him, as though he were about to drop dead at any moment. He hardly heard what Professor McGonagall was telling them about Animagi (wizards who could transform at will into animals), and wasnt even watching when she transformed herself in front of their eyes into a tabby cat with spectacle markings around her eyes.Really, what has got into you all today? said Professor McGonagall, tur ning back into herself with a faint pop, and staring around at them all. not that it bets, but thats the first time my transformations not got applause from a class.Everybodys heads turned toward Harry again, but nobody spoke. Then Hermione raised her hand.Please, Professor, weve just had our first Divination class, and we were reading the tea leaves, and Ah, of course, said Professor McGonagall, suddenly frowning. There is no need to say any more, Miss Granger. Tell me, which of you will be dying this year?Everyone stared at her.Me, said Harry, finally.I see, said Professor McGonagall, fixing Harry with her beady eyes. Then you should know, Potter, that Sibyll Trelawney has predicted the death of one student a year since she arrived at this school. None of them has died yet. see death omens is her favorite way of greeting a new class. If it were not for the fact that I never speak ill of my colleagues Professor McGonagall broke off, and they saw that her nostrils had gone white. She went on, more calmly, Divination is one of the most imprecise branches of magic. I shall not conceal from you that I have very little patience with it. professedly Seers are very rare, and Professor TrelawneyShe stopped again, and then said, in a very matter-of-fact tone, You look in excellent health to me, Potter, so you will excuse me if I dont let you off readying today. I assure you that if you die, you need not hand it in.Hermione laughed. Harry felt a bit better. It was harder to find scared of a lump of tea leaves away from the dim red light and befuddling perfume of Professor Trelawneys classroom. Not everyone was convinced, however. Ron still looked worried, and Lavender whispered, But what about Nevilles cup?When the Transfiguration class had finished, they joined the crowd thundering toward the Great Hall for lunch.Ron, cheer up, said Hermione, pushing a dish of stew toward him. You heard what Professor McGonagall said.Ron spooned stew onto his plate and picked up his fork but didnt start.Harry, he said, in a low, grave voice, You havent seen a great black dog anywhere, have you?Yeah, I have, said Harry. I saw one the night I left the Dursleys.Ron let his fork fall with a clatter.Probably a stray, said Hermione calmly.Ron looked at Hermione as though she had gone mad.Hermione, if Harrys seen a Grim, thats thats bad, he said. My my uncle Bilius saw one and and he died two dozen hours laterCoincidence, said Hermione airily, pouring herself some pumpkin juice.You dont know what youre talking about said Ron, starting to get angry. Grims scare the living daylights out of most wizardsThere you are, then, said Hermione in a boss tone. They see the Grim and die of fright. The Grims not an omen, its the cause of death And Harrys still with us because hes not stupid enough to see one and think, right, well, Id better kick the bucket thenRon mouthed wordlessly at Hermione, who opened her bag, took out her new Arithmancy book, and propped it open against the juice jug.I think Divination seems very woolly, she said, searching for her page. A lot of guesswork, if you ask me.There was nothing woolly about the Grim in that cup said Ron hotly.You didnt seem preferably so confident when you were telling Harry it was a sheep, said Hermione coolly.Professor Trelawney said you didnt have the right aura You just dont like being bad at something for a switch overHe had touched a nerve. Hermione slammed her Arithmancy book down on the table so hard that bits of means and carrot flew everywhere.If being good at Divination means I have to pretend to see death omens in a lump of tea leaves, Im not sure Ill be studying it much(prenominal) longer That lesson was absolute rubbish compared with my Arithmancy classShe snatched up her bag and stalked away.Ron frowned after her.Whats she talking about? he said to Harry. She hasnt been to an Arithmancy class yet.******Harry was pleased to get out of the castle after lunch. Yesterdays rain had cleared the sky was a clear, pale gray, and the grass was springy and damp underfoot as they set off for their first ever kick of Magical Creatures class.Ron and Hermione werent speaking to each other. Harry walked beside them in silence as they went down the sloping lawns to Hagrids hut on the edge of the Forbidden Forest. It was only when he spotted three only-too-familiar backs ahead of them that he realized they must be having these lessons with the Slytherins. Malfoy was talking animatedly to Crabbe and Goyle, who were chortling. Harry was quite a sure he knew what they were talking about.Hagrid was waiting for his class at the door of his hut. He stood in his moleskin overcoat, with Fang the boarhound at his heels, looking impatient to start.Cmon, now, get a move on he called as the class approached. Got a real treat for yeh today Great lesson comin up Everyone here? Right, follow meFor one nasty moment, Harry thought that Hagrid was going to lead them into the forest Harry had had enough unpleasant experiences in there to last him a lifetime. However, Hagrid strolled off around the edge of the trees, and five minutes later, they found themselves outside a kind of paddock. There was nothing in there.Everyone gather round the fence here he called. Thats it organise sure yeh can see now, firs thing yehll want ter do is open yer books How? said the cold, drawling voice of Draco Malfoy.Eh? said Hagrid.How do we open our books? Malfoy repeated. He took out his copy of The Monster Book of Monsters, which he had bound shut with a length of rope. Other people took theirs out too some, like Harry, had belted their book shut others had crammed them inside tight bags or clamped them together with binder clips.Hasn hasn anyone bin able ter open their books? said Hagrid, looking crestfallen.The class all shook their heads.Yehve got ter stroke em, said Hagrid, as though this was the most obvious thing in the world. Look He took Hermiones copy and ripped off the Spellotape that bound it. The book tried to bite, but Hagrid ran a giant forefinger down its spine, and the book shivered, and then fell open and lay quiet in his hand.Oh, how silly weve all been Malfoy sneered. We should have stroked them Why didnt we guessI I thought they were funny, Hagrid said uncertainly to Hermione.Oh, enormously funny said Malfoy. Really witty, giving us books that try and rip our hands off keep out up, Malfoy, said Harry quietly. Hagrid was looking downcast and Harry wanted Hagrids first lesson to be a success.Righ then, said Hagrid, who seemed to have lost his thread, so so yehve got yer books anannow yeh need the Magical Creatures. Yeah. So Ill go an get em. Hang onHe strode away from them into the forest and out of sight.God, this place is going to the dogs, said Malfoy loudly. That puffiness teaching classes, my fatherll have a fit when I tell him Shut up, Malfoy, Harry repeated.Careful, Potter, theres a Dementor behind you Oooooooh squealed Lavender Brown, pointing toward the opposite side of the paddock.Trotting toward them were a dozen of the most bizarre creatures Harry had ever seen. They had the bodies, hind legs, and tails of horses, but the front legs, wings, and heads of what seemed to be giant eagles, with cruel, steel-colored flyers and large, brilliantly, orange eyes. The talons on their front legs were half a foot long and deadly looking. Each of the beasts had a thick leather collar around its neck, which was attached to a long chain, and the ends of all of these were held in the vast hands of Hagrid, who came jogging into the paddock behind the creatures.Gee up, there he roared, shaking the chains and urging the creatures toward the fence where the class stood. Everyone drew back slightly as Hagrid reached them and tethered the creatures to the fence.Hippogriffs Hagrid roared happily, waving a hand at them. Beauiful, aren they?Harry could sort of see what Hagrid meant. Once you got over the first shock of seeing something that was half horse, half bird, you started to appreciate the Hippogriffs gleaming coats, changing unflurriedly from feather to hair, each of them a different color stormy gray, bronze, pinkish roan, gleaming chestnut, and inky black.So, said Hagrid, grinding his hands together and beaming around, if yeh wan ter come a bit nearerNo one seemed to want to. Harry, Ron, and Hermione, however, approached the fence cautiously.Now, firs thing yeh gotta know abou Hippogriffs is, theyre proud, said Hagrid. Easily offended, Hippogriffs are. Dont never insult one, cause it might be the last thing yeh do.Malfoy, Crabbe, and Goyle werent listening they were talking in an undertone and Harry had a nasty feeling they were plotting how beat to disrupt the lesson.Yeh always wait fer the Hippogriff ter make the firs move, Hagrid continued. Its polite, see? Yeh walk toward him, and yeh bow, an yeh wait. If he bows back, yehre allowed ter touch him. If he doesn bow, then get away from hi m sharpish, cause those talons hurt.Right who wants ter go first?Most of the class backed farther away in answer. Even Harry, Ron, and Hermione had misgivings. The Hippogriffs were tossing their fierce heads and flexing their powerful wings they didnt seem to like being tethered like this.No one? said Hagrid, with a pleading look.Ill do it, said Harry.There was an intake of glimmering from behind him, and both Lavender and Parvati whispered, Oooh, no, Harry, remember your tea leavesHarry ignored them. He climbed over the paddock fence. nifty man, Harry roared Hagrid. Right then lets see how yeh get on with Buckbeak.He untied one of the chains, pulled the gray Hippogriff away from its fellows, and slipped off its leather collar. The class on the other side of the paddock seemed to be holding its breath. Malfoys eyes were narrowed maliciously.Easy now, Harry, said Hagrid quietly. Yehve got eye contact, now try not ter scootHippogriffs don trust yeh if yeh blink too muchHarrys eyes immediately began to water, but he didnt shut them. Buckbeak had turned his great, sharp head and was staring at Harry with one fierce orange eye. Thas it, said Hagrid. Thas it, Harrynow, bow.Harry didnt feel much like exposing the back of his neck to Buckbeak, but he did as he was told. He gave a short bow and then looked up.The Hippogriff was still staring haughtily at him. It didnt move.Ah, said Hagrid, sounding worried. Right back away, now, Harry, easy does it But then, to Harrys enormous surprise, the Hippogriff suddenly bent its scaly front knees and sank into what wasan unmistakable bow.Well done, Harry said Hagrid, ecstatic. Right yeh can touch him Pat his beak, go onFeeling that a better reward would have been to back away, Harry moved slowly toward the Hippogriff and reached out toward it. He patted the beak several times and the Hippogriff closed its eyes lazily, as though enjoying it.The class broke into applause, all except for Malfoy, Crabbe, and Goyle, who were lo oking mystically disappointed.Righ then, Harry, said Hagrid. I reckon he migh let yeh ride himThis was more than Harry had bargained for. He was used to a broomstick but he wasnt sure a Hippogriff would be quite the same.Yeh climb up there, jus behind the wing joint, said Hagrid, an mind yeh don pull any of his feathers out, he won like thatHarry put his foot on the top of Buckbeaks wing and hoisted himself onto its back. Buckbeak stood up. Harry wasnt sure where to hold on everything in front of him was covered with feathers.Go on, then roared Hagrid, slapping the Hippogriffs croup.Without warning, twelve-foot wings flapped open on either side of Harry, he just had time to seize the Hippogriff around the neck before he was soaring upward. It was nothing like a broomstick, and Harry knew which one he preferred the Hippogriffs wings beat uncomfortably on either side of him, catching him under his legs and making him feel he was about to be throw off the glossy feathers slipped und er his fingers and he didnt dare get a stronger grip instead of the smooth action of his Nimbus Two Thousand, he now felt himself rocking backward and forward as the hindquarters of the Hippogriff rose and fell with its wings.Buckbeak flew him once around the paddock and then headed back to the ground this was the bit Harry had been dreading he leaned back as the smooth neck lowered, feeling he was going to slip off over the beak, then felt a heavy thud as the four ill-assorted feet hit the ground. He just managed to hold on and push himself straight again.Good work, Harry roared Hagrid as everyone except Malfoy, Crabbe, and Goyle cheered. Okay, who else wants a go?Emboldened by Harrys success, the rest of the class climbed cautiously into the paddock. Hagrid untied the Hippogriffs one by one, and soon people were bowing nervously, all over the paddock. Neville ran repeatedly backward from his, which didnt seem to want to bend its knees. Ron and Hermione practiced on the chestnut, w hile Harry watched.Malfoy, Crabbe, and Goyle had taken over Buckbeak. He had bowed to Malfoy, who was now patting his beak, looking disdainful.This is very easy, Malfoy drawled, loud enough for Harry to, hear him. I knew it must have been, if Potter could do itI bet youre not dangerous at all, are you? he said to the Hippogriff. Are you, you great ugly bestial?It happened in a flash of steely talons Malfoy let out a high pitched scream and next moment, Hagrid was wrestling Buckbeak back into his collar as he strained to get at Malfoy, who lay curled in the grass, blood blossoming over his robes.Im dying Malfoy yelled as the class panicked. Im dying, look at me Its killed meYer not dyin said Hagrid, who had gone very white. Someone help me gotta get him outta here Hermione ran to hold open the gate as Hagrid lifted Malfoy easily. As they passed, Harry saw that there was a long, deep gash on Malfoys arm blood splattered the grass and Hagrid ran with him, up the slope toward the cast le.Very shaken, the Care of Magical Creatures class followed at a walk. The Slytherins were all shouting about Hagrid.They should sack him straight away said Pansy Parkinson, who was in tears.It was Malfoys fault snapped Dean Thomas. Crabbe and Goyle flexed their muscles threateningly.They all climbed the stone steps into the deserted first appearance hall.Im going to see if hes okay said Pansy, and they all watched her run up the marble staircase. The Slytherins, still mouth about Hagrid, headed away in the direction of their dungeon common room Harry, Ron, and Hermione proceeded upstairs to Gryffindor Tower.You think hell be all right? said Hermione nervously.Course he will. Madam Pomfrey can mend cuts in about a second, said Harry, who had had far worse injuries mended magically by the nurse.That was a really bad thing to happen in Hagrids first class, though, wasnt it? said Ron, looking worried. Trust Malfoy to mess things up for himThey were among the first to reach the Great Hall at dinnertime, hoping to see Hagrid, but he wasnt there.They wouldnt fire him, would they? said Hermione anxiously, not ghost her steak-and-kidney pudding.Theyd better not, said Ron, who wasnt eating either.Harry was watching the Slytherin table. A large group including Crabbe and Goyle was huddled together, deep in conversation. Harry was sure they were cooking up their own version of how Malfoy had been injured.Well, you cant say it wasnt an interesting first day back, said Ron gloomily.They went up to the crowded Gryffindor common room after dinner and tried to do the homework Professor McGonagall had given them, but all three of them kept breaking off and glancing out of the tower window.Theres a light on in Hagrids window, Harry said suddenly.Ron looked at his watch.If we hurried, we could go down and see him. Its still quite earlyI dont know, Hermione said slowly, and Harry saw her glance at him.Im allowed to walk across the grounds, he said pointedly. Sirius Black hasnt got past the Dementors yet, has he?So they put their things away and headed out of the portrait hole, glad to meet nobody on their way to the front doors, as they werent only sure they were supposed to be out.The grass was still wet and looked almost black in the twilight. When they reached Hagrids hut, they knocked, and a voice growled, Cmin.Hagrid was sitting in his shirtsleeves at his scrubbed wooden table his boarhound, Fang, had his head in Hagrids lap. One look told them that Hagrid had been drinking a lot there was a pewter tankard almost as big as a bucket in front of him, and he seemed to be having difficulty getting them into focus.Spect its a record, he said thickly, when he recognized them. Don reckon theyve ever had a teacher who lasted ony a day before.You havent been fired, Hagrid gasped Hermione.Not yet, said Hagrid miserably, taking a huge gulp of whatever was in the tankard. Buts only a matter o time, Int, after MalfoyHow is he? said Ron as they all sat down. It wasnt serious, was it?Madam Pomfrey fixed him best she could, said Hagrid dully, but hes sayin its still agonycovered in bandagesmoaninHes faking it, said Harry at once. Madam Pomfrey can mend anything. She regrew half my bones last year. Trust Malfoy to milk it for all its worth.School govnors have bin told, o course, said Hagrid miserably. They reckon I started too big. Shoulda left Hippogriffs fer laterone flobberworms or summatJus thought itd make a good firs lessons all my faultIts all Malfoys fault, Hagrid said Hermione earnestly.Were witnesses, said Harry. You said Hippogriffs attack if you insult them. Its Malfoys problem that he wasnt listening. Well tell Dumbledore what really happened.Yeah, dont worry, Hagrid, well back you up, said Ron.Tears leaked out of the crinkled corners of Hagrids beetle-black eyes. He grabbed both Harry and Ron and pulled them into a bone-breaking hug.I think youve had enough to drink, Hagrid, said Hermione firmly. She took the tankard from the ta ble and went outside to empty it.Ah, maybe shes right, said Hagrid, letting go of Harry and Ron, who both staggered away, rubbing their ribs. Hagrid heaved himself out of his chair and followed Hermione falteringly outside. They heard a loud splash.Whats he done? said Harry nervously as Hermione came back in with the empty tankard.Stuck his head in the water barrel, said Hermione, putting the tankard away.Hagrid came back, his long hair and beard sopping wet, wiping the water out of his eyes.Thats better, he said, shaking his head like a dog and sousing them all. Listen, it was good of yeh ter come an see me, I really Hagrid stopped dead, staring at Harry as though hed only just realized he was there.WHAT DYEH THINK YOURE DOIN, EH? he roared, so suddenly that they jumped a foot in the air. YEHRE NOT TO GO WANDERIN AROUND AFTER DARK, HARRY AN, YOU TWO LETTIN HIMHagrid strode over to Harry, grabbed his arm, and pulled him to the door.Cmon Hagrid said angrily. Im takin yer all back up ter school an don let me catch yeh walkin down ter see me after dark again. Im not worth that